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Factors associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant to health care workers: A retrospective cohort study
Authors:Keisuke Kagami PhD  Reiko Oyamada  Tsubasa Watanabe  Sho Nakakubo MD  PhD  Takahiro Hayashi  Sumio Iwasaki BS  Tatsuya Fukumoto PhD  Takayuki Usami BS  Kasumi Hayasaka  Shinichi Fujisawa  Chiaki Watanabe  Mutsumi Nishida PhD  Takanori Teshima MD  PhD  Yusuke Niinuma BS  Isao Yokota PhD  MPH  Yoh Takekuma PhD  Mitsuru Sugawara PhD  Nobuhisa Ishiguro MD  PhD
Institution:1. Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;2. Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;3. Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;4. Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;5. Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;6. Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;7. Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;8. Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan;9. Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Abstract:

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for household transmission of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Background

The household infection rate has been reported to be higher for the omicron variant than for non-omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. Determination of the risk factors for household transmission of the omicron variant is therefore important.

Design

A Retrospective Cohort Study was conducted.

Methods

When family members of health care workers (HCWs) were found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, the HCWs had to receive two nucleic acid amplification tests for SARS-CoV-2: immediately after and 5 to 10 days after the onset of COVID-19 in the family members. Risk factors of household transmission were analysed by comparing cases (HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2) and controls (HCWs not infected with SARS-CoV-2) using multivariable analysis.

Results

Unvaccinated status (OR: 3.97), age of index cases (≤6 years) (OR: 1.94) and staying at home with index cases (OR: 10.18) were risk factors for household transmission.

Conclusion

If there is a strong desire to avoid household infection, family members infected with SARS-CoV-2 should live separately during the period of viral shedding.
Keywords:household transmission  nursing  omicron variant  SARS-CoV-2  vaccine
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