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The effects of predictability on inter-limb postural synchronization prior to bouts of postural instability
Affiliation:1. University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada;2. University of Toronto, Department of Physical Therapy, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada;3. Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;4. Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada;5. University of Manitoba, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, 102 Frank Kennedy Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;6. Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;1. Laboratory of Motor Behavior and Adapted Physical Activity, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA;3. Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA;4. School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;1. Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany;2. Behavioural Brain Sciences Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom;3. School of Occupational Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;4. Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;5. School of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;1. Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia;2. School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia;3. Queensland Children''s Gait Laboratory, Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Children''s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Brisbane, Australia;1. Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;2. Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Gait Analysis Laboratory, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China;4. Department of Orthopedic, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;1. Department of Physics, Presidency College, Chennai 600 005, Tamilnadu, India;2. Department of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 21, Tamilnadu, India;1. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy;2. Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW Us Veteran Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA;3. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
Abstract:Anticipatory balance control optimizes balance reactions to postural perturbations. Predictive control is dependent on the ability of the central nervous system to modulate gain in accordance with specific task demands. Inter-limb synchronization is a sensitive measure of individual limb contributions to balance control and may reflect the coordination of gain modulation in preparation for instability. The purpose of the study was to determine whether gain modulation in advance of predictable bouts of instability was reflected in the extent of inter-limb synchronization. Two adjacent force plates were used to collect center of pressure (COP) data from 12 healthy young adults (27.5 ± 3.4 years). Participants prepared for internal and external balance perturbations using a cueing paradigm with three auditory warning tones followed by an imperative tone. Perturbations were delivered in blocked and randomized conditions with two perturbation magnitudes (small and large). Inter-limb synchrony was calculated using the cross-correlation function of the COP excursions from the left and right foot for three seconds prior to perturbation onset in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) direction. Inter-limb synchrony decreased in the AP and ML directions as perturbation magnitude became more unpredictable. The need to take a step or not knowing whether a step was required prior to postural instability reduced ML inter-limb synchrony. No differences were found between internal and external perturbations. Modulation of postural set was evident in the extent of inter-limb synchrony.
Keywords:Balance  Central set  Cross-correlation  Center of pressure  Coordination
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