Prevalence of prostate cancer in men with haematuria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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Authors: | Rasmus Søgaard Hansen Signe Hedengran Biørn Johan Baden Birk-Korch Søren Paludan Sheikh Mads Hvid Poulsen Pernille Just Vinholt |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark;2. Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark |
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Abstract: | Objectives To investigate the prevalence of prostate cancer in men attending evaluation for haematuria, as this could help healthcare providers to determine whether men with haematuria should have prostate examinations performed. Methods The study was performed according to a pre-specified protocol uploaded to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42022299383). A systematic search of MEDLINE, Ovid and Google Scholar was performed in December 2021. Two independent researchers evaluated all titles, available abstracts, and full texts. We included studies on adult men (aged ≥18 years) describing haematuria and prostate cancer. Results We screened 4252 titles and abstracts when available and assessed 350 studies in full text. In total, 65 studies were included and 42 was summarised in a meta-analysis. In total, 18 752 men with haematuria were included, and the pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of prostate cancer was 3.0% (2.0–4.1%). In men with macroscopic haematuria, the pooled prevalence (95% CI) of prostate cancer was 5.9% (2.9–9.9%; n = 265/5373). In men with microscopic haematuria, the pooled prevalence (95% CI) of prostate cancer was 1.4% (0.8–2.2%; n = 71/6642). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the prevalence of prostate cancer is considerable in men attending evaluation for haematuria. Therefore, digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen measurement should become a standard procedure for all men with haematuria, especially for men with macroscopic haematuria. |
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Keywords: | prostate cancer haematuria microscopic haematuria macroscopic haematuria systematic review meta-analysis #PCSM #ProstateCancer #uroonc |
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