Biomechanical and perceived differences between overground and treadmill walking in children with cerebral palsy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center of Achievement, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States;2. Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States;3. Motion Analysis and Motor Performance Laboratory, Kluge Children''s Rehabilitation Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States;1. Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium;3. School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom;4. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium;5. School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom;6. Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium;1. Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Dr.Jan van Breemenstraat 2, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. VU University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, EMGO Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;5. Academic Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Department of Surgery, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;1. Service de Rhumatologie, Centre hospitalier régional d׳Orléans, 1 rue Porte Madeleine, 45032 Orléans, France;3. Univ. Orleans, MAPMO, UMR CNRS 7349, Orleans, France;4. Prisme Institute, Polytechnique Orleans, PRISME/MMH, Université d׳Orléans, Orleans, France;5. Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA |
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| Abstract: | The treadmill is widely used as an instrument for gait training and analysis. The primary purpose of this study was to compare biomechanical variables between overground and treadmill walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Perceived differences between the two walking modes were also investigated by comparing self-selected walking speeds. Twenty children with CP performed both overground and treadmill walking at a matched speed for biomechanical comparison using a 3-D motion analysis system. In addition, they were asked to select comfortable and fastest walking speeds under each walking condition to compare perceived differences. Significant differences in spatiotemporal variables were found including higher cadence and shorter stride length during treadmill walking at a matched speed (for all, P < .003). The comparison of joint kinematics demonstrated significant differences between overground and treadmill walking, which showed increases in peak angles of ankle dorsi-flexion, knee flexion/extension, and hip flexion (for all, P < .001), increases in ankle and hip excursions and a decrease in pelvic rotation excursion while walking on treadmill (for all, P < .002). Comparison of perceived difference revealed that children with CP chose significantly slower speeds when asked to select their comfortable and fastest walking speeds on the treadmill as compared to overground (for both, P < .001). Our results suggest that these biomechanical and perceived differences should be considered when using a treadmill for gait intervention or assessment. |
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| Keywords: | Cerebral palsy Gait analysis Treadmill walking Kinematics Perceived difference |
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