Postural sway in children: A literature review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium;2. Multidisciplinary Motor Centre Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Belgium;1. UMR 1141 Inserm – Paris Diderot University & Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France;2. Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (Inserm U1028 CNRS UMR5292), Lyon, France;3. Department of Audiology and Otoneurological Evaluation, Civil Hospitals of Lyon, Lyon, France;4. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France;5. Paris Diderot University, Paris 7, France;6. High Functioning Autism Expert Centre, Fondamental Foundation, Paris, France;1. Motion Analysis Center Physical Therapist, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Houston, Assistant Professor School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, United States;2. Manager of Research Operations, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Houston, United States;3. Associate Professor and Director of Post Professional Studies, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX United States;4. Statistician and Software Designer, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Houston, United States;5. Motion Analysis Center Engineer, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Houston, United States;6. Chief of Staff and Medical Director of the Motion Analysis Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Houston, United States;1. Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universitdade de Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n., 36005, Pontevedra, Spain;2. SALBIS Research Group. Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing and Physical Therapy Department. Universidad de León, Astorga Ave. 15, 24401, Ponferrada, Spain;3. Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n., 36005, Pontevedra, Spain;1. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;2. Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;3. Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology Section, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimStatic posturography can serve as an easy and fast way to determine whether a child possesses sufficient balance control in different sensory conditions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to map age-related differences in postural sway during childhood in typically developing children, using static posturography and to provide an overview of the available (age-specific) reference values in scientific literature.MethodsThe search strategy was performed in five databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Clinical Trials, Medline (Ovid)) November 2nd 2014 and updated twice: March 16th 2015 and July 20th 2015. The following keywords were used: (children OR child) AND (“postural control” OR “postural stability” OR equilibrium OR posture OR “postural balance”[mesh]) AND (“quiet stance” OR standing OR stance OR “quiet stance” OR static) AND (“postural sway” OR posturography OR “body sway” OR stabilography OR “trunk sway” OR “medio-lateral sway” OR “antero-posterior sway”). Relevant studies were identified using predefined selection criteria, applied on title and abstract (phase 1) and on full text (phase 2), supplemented with reference screening after the second phase.ResultsA total of 14 studies met the criteria. This review showed three main findings: 1) during natural bipedal stance with the eyes open, all studies reported a decrease in postural sway with increasing age, with conflicting results on the (non-)linearity of its development, 2) with eyes closed, all children show more sway than with eyes open and 3) only four studies reported numeric sway values that could serve as reference values, mainly focusing on children aged five and older.ConclusionConsiderable disagreement exists on the (non-)linearity of the development of postural sway in children. By choosing arbitrary age categories, it remains unclear between which age groups differences are situated. Future research is necessary to determine for which age groups age-specific reference values are relevant. |
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