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The Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of the implementation of salt reduction interventions (September 2016–February 2017)
Authors:Claire Johnson PhD  Joseph A. Santos BSN  Briar McKenzie MDiet  Sudhir Raj Thout MA  Kathy Trieu MPH  Rachael McLean PhD  Kristina S. Petersen PhD  Norm R.C. Campbell MD  Jacqui Webster PhD
Affiliation:1. The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia;2. The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;3. The George Institute for Global Health India, Hyderabad, India;4. Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;5. Department of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology and Community Health Sciences, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada;6. Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Abstract:This periodic review aims to identify, summarize, and appraise studies relating to the implementation of salt reduction strategies that were published between September 2016 and February 2017. A total of 41 studies were included as relevant to the design, assessment, and implementation of salt reduction strategies, and a detailed appraisal was conducted on the seven studies that evaluated the impact of salt reduction strategies. Of these, three were national studies or included large populations and four were conducted in communities with small participant sample sizes. Each study used a different strategy for reducing salt intake varying from category‐specific sodium targets for packaged food to use of a low‐sodium salt substitute to behavior change interventions. Four studies found statistically significant decreases in dietary salt intake and one study showed statistically significant decreases in mean sodium density of packaged food products. Four of the seven studies used either spot or 24‐hour urine samples to measure dietary salt intake and five were conducted in East or Southeast Asia—two of which were in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Study quality varied among the seven studies and all except one had one or more risks related to bias.
Keywords:hypertension—  general  salt  sodium  systematic review
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