广州两家冷冻厂低温作业对工人健康影响的调查分析

目的调查广州两家冷冻厂低温作业对工人健康的影响。方法对83例（女45例,男38例）低温作业工人（接触组）进行体检,并以非接触低温作业人员66例（女35例,男31例）作为对照组。使用已校正的国产通风温湿度计和风速测定仪测定低温作业场所的微小气候。结果低温作业工人每天在（-8~-20）℃的条件下工作3 h。接触组头痛、头晕、腕关节痛、膝关节痛和腰痛的发生率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;女接触组抗链球菌溶血素（抗O）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）平均水平明显高于女对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;男接触组抗O、ESR平均水平显著高于男对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。但接触组抗O、ESR水平与接触低温工龄的长短无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论广州冷冻厂低温对作业工人健康有一定的影响,应做好卫生防护工作。

Health status of workers exposed to cold stress in freezers in Guangzhou

Objective To observe the adverse effect of low-temperature working environment to the health status of workers.Methods 83 workers exposed to cold stress in freezers（female 45,male 38,as exposed group）and 66 workers（female 35,male 31,as control group） were studied.The micro-climate in these freezers was measured with the temperature-hygrostat and anemograph.Results The workers worked in freezers for 3 hour per day under（-8 ~-20） ℃ enviroment.The incidences of headache,dizziness,wrist pain,knee pain and low back pain among exposed workers were significantly higher than those of the control group（P 0.01）.The average level of antistreptolysin hemolysin（anti-O） and erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR） of female exposed workers were significantly higher than those of female control workers（P 0.01 or P 0.05）.The average level of anti-O and ESR of male exposed workers were significantly higher than those of male control workers（P 0.01）.It was found that these changes of levels of anti-O and ESR was not related to exposure time.（P 0.05）.Conclusion It seemed that working in the low temperature environment could affect health status of workers,so protective measures against these hazards should be taken.