贵州省1996~2004年出生缺陷抽样调查分析

目的:探讨贵州省出生缺陷发生特点。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法在全省范围抽取17所(2003年起扩大为30所)县级以上医院为出生缺陷监测点,1996~2004年于监测点监测118091例围产儿,确诊出生缺陷儿1472例。应用《妇幼卫生监测数据管理系统》录入原始数据,建立数据库,采用SPSS11.5版软件包进行统计学处理。资料采用描述性分析及因素分析。结果:出生缺陷发生率随年度呈上升趋势,2004年达最高水平(137·92/万)。出生缺陷总发生率男性高于女性,差异有显著统计学意义(x2=6·852,P<0·05);乡村发生率高于城镇,差异有显著统计学意义(x2=49·109,P<0·05)。9年出生缺陷总发生率居前5位依次为:唇裂合并腭裂(13·89/万)、多指(趾)(13·63/万)、神经管畸形(12·62/万)、先天性脑积水(8·21/万)、先天性心脏病(7·96/万)。结论:提高产前诊断技术,重视产前咨询和围产期保健,落实各种预防措施,尤其是做好病因学预防是降低出生缺陷发生率的关键。

Analysis of Birth Defects Survey During 1996 - 2004 in Guizhou Province

Objective: To probe into the tendency of changes of birth defects during 1996-2004 in Guizhou province. Methods: With the method of randomized sampling, 17 county or above level hospitals wers choosed as surveillance spots of birth defects. 118,091 perinatal fetus/infants were surveiled, and 1,472 birth defects were diagnosed. "Data management system of maternal and child surveillance" was applied to set up database, and software SPSS 11.5 was used to analyze data. Results: During 1996-2004, the rate of birth defects had a increasing tendency(P<0.05), ranging from 80.68~137.92/10,000, which had statistic significance (x~2=30.109,P<0.01),and the rate got to the highest point (137.92/10,000) in 2004. During 1996-2004, the total rate of birth defects was higher in male compared with female (x~2=6.852,P<0.05), and it was higher in rural area compared with town (x~2=49.109,P<0.05). The 5 dominant birth defects ranked in orderly were: lip slipt combined palate slipt (13.89/10,000), hyperdactylia (13.63/10,000), neural tube defects (12.62/10,000), congenital waterhead (8.21/10,000), and congenital heart disease (7.96/10,000). Conclusion: To improve prenatal diagnostic technology, attach importance to prenatal consultation and perinatal health care, and adopt prevention measures are the key to decrease the rate of birth defects.