北京市顺义区白内障患病和手术状况的调查

目的　调查北京市顺义区50岁及以上人群中白内障患病率、白内障盲人手术覆盖率和白内障盲人社会负担率,以此了解白内障的患病状况及评价10余年来该区实施以白内障手术治疗为主的防盲治盲工作的效果。方法　1996年9月,采用整群随机抽样方法对顺义区抽取28个调查点5084例50岁及以上人群进行视力和眼部检查,包括应用裂隙灯检查受检者晶状体;了解接受白内障手术的情况。结果　5084例受检者中,白内障患病率为23.31%。随着年龄的增加,白内障患病率明显增高。在女性和文盲者中的白内障患病率较高,分别为26.01%及37.33%;1984年后,白内障手术率持续增加,以双眼小孔视力＜0.05作为盲的标准,白内障手术覆盖率为56.36%,白内障盲人的社会负担率为1.63%。以双眼日常生活视力<0.1为标准,白内障手术的覆盖率为47.79%,白内障盲人的社会负担率为2.22%。在70岁以上人群、女性和文盲者中,白内障手术覆盖率较低,分别为36.36%、44.87%及44.09%。白内障盲人的社会负担率较高,分别为6.84%、2.74%及3.90%。结论白内障仍是高龄者的致盲眼病,白内障盲人所造成的社会负担较重。在老龄、女性及文盲中因白内障引起的盲目仍是顺义区目前存在的严重问题。

Prevalence of cataract and surgical coverage among adults aged 50 or above in Shunyi District of Beijing, China

Objective To estimate the prevalence of cataract, surgical coverage rate and the bilateral cataract blindness burden among adults aged 50 or above in Shunyi District of Beijing, China, for evaluating the cataract status and the efficacy of the prevention blindness program in more than 10 years. Methods Cluster sampling was used in randomly selected individuals aged 50 years or older in 28 villages in Shunyi District in fall, 1996. 5 084 individuals received visual acuity test and eye examination, including lens examination by slit lamp. The cataract operation status was also evaluated. Results The prevalence of cataract was 23 31% among adults aged 50 or above. The prevalence of cataract was increasing by aging. The prevalence of cataract in women and illiterates was significantly higher statistically. The cataract surgical rate had been increasing since 1984. When the bilateral pinhole vision <3/60 was defined as the blindness criterion, the cataract blindness surgical coverage rate was 56 36%, and the bilateral cataract blindness burden was 1 63%. When the bilateral presenting vision <6/60 was defined as the blindness criterion, the cataract blindness surgical coverage rate was 47 79%, and the bilateral cataract blindness burden was 2 22%. The cataract surgical coverage rates were much lower and the bilateral cataract blindness burden much higher in women, illiterates and persons aged 70 or above. Conclusions The prevalence of cataract is higher and bilateral cataract blindness burden is heavier in elder individuals. Cataract blindness is still a serious public health problem in elder, women and illiterates after the prevention blindness program having been actively conducted for more than ten years.