采暖期大气中不同粒径颗粒物污染及其重金属分布状况

目的了解采暖期不同粒径大气颗粒物污染状况及其重金属分布状态。方法于2003年12月-2004年1月在天津市某市中心区利用大气自动采样仪全天采集大气中颗粒物样品，连续采样32d。用原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法和等离子发射光谱法，定性检测颗粒物中载带的重金属，并对其中9种重金属进行定量测定。结果在采暖期内TSP、IP、PM25的日均值超标率分别为54．55％，57．58％，84．85％。颗粒中载带的部分重金属含量较高，如Cd、Pb和Ni都达到100mg／m^3以上。结论采暖期大气颗粒物污染严重；PM25细颗粒物对重金属的载带能力较TSP和IP更强，对人体健康的危害更大。

Levels of Air Particulates With Different Diameters and the Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Particulates During the Period of Heating Equipments Used

Objective To understand the pollution of particulate matters and the distribution of heavy metals in particulate matters. Methods Samples were collected with auto-sampling instrument for 32 consecutive days in heating period of Dec. 2003-Jan,2004, in a central area of Tianjin. The heavy metals were detected with atomic absorption spectrum, atomic fluorescence spectrum and plasma emission spectrum, 9 heavy metals were measured quantitatively. Results The rates of over standards for daily mean of TSP, IP, PM2.5 in heating period were 54.55%, 57.58%, 84.85% respectively. Content of some heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni in the particulate matters were higher. Conclusion Air pollution with particulates in heating period is serious. PM2.5 carries more heavy metals than TSP and IP, so it is much more harmful to human health.