中小学教师职业紧张干预研究

目的评价中小学教师的职业紧张和工作能力状况,采取有针对性的综合干预措施,以便降低他们的职业紧张水平并提高工作能力,同时评价干预效果。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法选择四川省某市的9所中小学学校,以其中5个学校为干预组,其他4个学校为对照组,对该9所学校的教师进行职业紧张程度的调查和工作能力的检测,对干预组教师进行职业紧张的健康教育等综合措施,1年后以同样量表对该两组教师再次进行问卷调查和测量,从而评价干预效果。结果(1)干预后在职业任务问卷6个子项中,干预组教师的任务过重、任务冲突、责任感和工作环境4个子项得分较干预前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05),且干预后任务过重、任务冲突和工作环境3个子项平均得分也低于对照组教师,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);(2)干预后在个体紧张反应问卷4个子项中,干预组教师的人际紧张反应子项得分在干预后显著降低(P<0·05),且业务紧张反应和人际紧张反应2个子项的平均得分也低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);(3)干预后在个体应对资源问卷4个子项中,干预组教师在娱乐休闲、自我保健和理性处事3个子项上的平均得分显著高于干预前水平和对照组教师,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·05);(4)干预后,干预组教师的工作能力得分显著高于干预前和对照组教师(P<0·05)。结论干预措施能够有效降低中小学教师的职业紧张程度,缓解紧张反应,增强应对紧张的能力并提高他们的工作能力。

Study of the intervention measures for the occupational stress to the teachers in the primary and secondary schools

Objective To study the status of the occupational stress and the work ability of the teachers in the primary and secondary schools, then take some integrated intervention measures to reduce the occupational stress and improve their work ability, and evaluate the intervening efficacy.Methods The levels of stressor and strain was measured with the occupation stress inventory revised edition (OSI-R) and the work ability was measured with the work ability index (WAI) for the teachers in nine primary and secondary schools in Sichuan Province, then health educations about occupational stress were taken to the teachers in the study group, the same test was carried out after one year for the teachers in the nine schools to evaluate the effect of intervention measures. Results (1)After intervening, among the six items of occupational role questionnaire, the scores of role overload, role boundary, responsibility and physical environment of the teachers in the study group significantly decreased, compared with the teachers in the control group, the scores of the role overload, role boundary and physical environment were significantly lower(P<0.05). (2)Among the four items of personal strain questionnaire,only the scores of interpersonal strain of the teachers in the study group significantly decreased(P<0.05), compared with the teachers in the control group, the scores of the vocational strain and interpersonal strain were significantly lower(P<0.05). (3)Among the four items of personal resources questionnaire, the scores of the recreation, self-care and rational cognitive coping of the teachers in the study group significantly raised and were significantly higher than those of the teachers in the control group(P<0.05). (4)The score of WAI of the teachers in the study group significantly raised and was significantly higher than that of the teachers in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The intervention measures are efficient to reduce the occupational stress of teachers,strengthen their coping resource and improve their work ability.