2002、2003年云南省昭通市昭阳区地方性氟中毒重点监测汇总分析

目的了解昭通市昭阳区燃煤型地方性氟中毒病区防治效果、防治措施落实进度及降氟措施使用管理情况，为调整干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法，调查炉灶、8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、成人氟骨症患病情况，测定辣椒氟、玉米氟、儿童尿氟。结果监测点2002、2003年炉灶使用合格率分别为56．86％、69．57％，玉米氟中位数分别为0．71、1．5mg／kg，辣椒氟中位数分别为6．07、10．56mg／kg，儿童氟斑牙患病率分别为66．67％、25．00％，氟骨症症状与体征检出率分别为36．99％、16．67％。结论随着改炉率的上升和改炉时间的延长，该地区氟中毒的流行得到较好控制．但应加强对病区居民正确使用炉灶的技术指导和降氟炉灶的管理及维修，巩同其除氟效果。

Summary of the surveillance of endemic coal-burning fluorosis in Zhaoyang District in 2002 and 2003

Objective To investigate the controlling effects of the preventing measures and the running status of fluoride-reducing equipments in Zhaoyang District,and to provide scientific information for adjusting preventing measures. Methods The whole crowds were sampled. The stoves and the state of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 years and skeletal fluorosis in adult were investigated, also the fluoride content in corn, chilies and urinary was respectively tested. Results The rate of qualified stoves was 56.86% and 69.57% respectively at the survey region of Qingmen's 10th and 11th group in 2002 and 2003. In these two successive years, the median of corn fluoride was 0.71 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, and the median of chilies fluoride was 6.07 mg/kg and 10.56 mg/kg; the total rate of dental fluorosis was 66.67% and 25.00%, skeletal fluorosis was 52.17% and 25.77% respectively. The situations of fluorosis became better and better:the total rate of dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride content returned to normal. Conclusions With the increase of using developed stove, the prevalence of fluorosis in the area has been gradually controlled. In order to keep the stoves in use, a series of technology about the stove should be introduced to the residents, and the health education in this area should be reinforced.