高住低训对优秀女子跆拳道运动员运动能力和血象的影响

目的:探讨高住低训对女子跆拳道运动员运动能力和血象的影响。方法:13名优秀女子跆拳道运动员随机分为实验组(高住低训,n=8)和对照组(n=5),分别在模拟海拔2500m低氧舱(氧浓度15.4%左右)内和平原环境下进行为期4周的高住低训和跆拳道常规专项训练。分别于实验前、高住低训第28天和高住低训结束后10天进行有氧运动能力和无氧运动能力测试,并于实验前1天、高住低训期间每周及高住低训结束后第3、12天清晨空腹取血进行血细胞分析。结果:(1)实验组高住低训第28天和高住低训结束后10天VO2max和PWC170均显著高于实验前(P<0.01),4000m成绩显著优于实验前(P<0.01)。对照组变化不明显。(2)实验组高住低训结束后10天Wingate最高功率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组高住低训第28天和高住低训结束后10天Wingate平均功率均显著高于自身实验前(P<0.05和P<0.01),Wingate疲劳指数则分别显著低于自身实验前(P<0.05和P<0.01)。对照组无明显变化。(3)实验组高住低训第28天血红蛋白、红细胞数目、红细胞压积显著高于自身实验前(P<0.05),实验组在高住低训第25天和28天血红蛋白水平分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结果表明,为期28天的模拟海拔2500m高度的高住低训能提高女子跆拳道运动员有氧运动能力,同时在一定程度上提高其无氧功和60秒踢靶成绩。另外,高住低训可以提高与跆拳道运动员机体载氧能力直接相关的血液指标水平,这种改变主要表现在实验第3、4周。

Effects of "Living High-Training Low" on Exercise Capacity and Hemogram of Chinese Taekwondo Athletes

Objective To investigate the effect of “living at 2500m altitude and training at low altitude” (HiLo)on exercise capacity and hemogram. Methods Thirteen Chinese Taekwondo athletes were divided into two groups: low-oxygen group (n=8) (simulated at 2500m altitude) and control group (n=5) (see level) randomly, and experiment was lasted for 4 weeks. Parameters used for exercise capacity, including VO_2max, PWC170, 4000m, Wingate test and 60-second kicking ability were separately examined before and after experiment, and hemogram (RBC, Hb, Hct) was measured 7 times per week.Results 28 days HiLo improved aerobic exercise capacity (VO_2max, PWC170, 4000m), anaerobic capacity and 60-second kicking ability. In addition, Hb,RBC and Hct increased. No difference was found in aerobic exercise capacity, anaerobic capacity, 60-second kicking ability and hematological indexes during experiment in control group. Conclusion HiLo could improve aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as hematological indexes in elite Taekwondo athletes.