模拟高原条件下大鼠开放性颅脑创伤的伤情特点

目的建立模拟高原条件下大鼠开放性颅脑创伤的动物模型，研究其伤情特点。方法用动物低压氧舱模拟高原，民用射钉枪射击大鼠建立开放性颅脑创伤模型，观察该模型动物行为学、病理学、脑含水量、血脑屏障开放程度和脑组织氧分压等，分析总结高原开放性颅脑创伤伤情特点。结果本实验中制备的开放性颅脑创伤动物模型伤情稳定，可重复性好；高原致伤组与平原致伤组均存在：（1）神经元细胞核、尼氏体和细胞器出现不同程度的损伤及缺血性改变；（2）伊文思蓝荧光染料示踪血脑屏障通透性存在不同程度的血脑屏障开放；（3）存在不同程度脑水肿；（4）脑组织局部缺血缺氧，高原致伤组伤情更重，持续时间更长。结论本实验动物模型可模拟高原条件下大鼠低能低速投射物所致的开放性颅脑创伤；高原致伤组与平原致伤组比较，损伤程度更重．持续时间更长。

The experimental study of open craniocerebral injury in rats at simulated high altitude

Objective To establish an animal model of open craniocerebral injury in rats at sim- ulated high altitude and investigate the characteristics of the model.Methods The rat model was es- tablished with civilian gunshot under the environment of simulated high altitude in a hypobaric oxygen chamber,and the characteristics of the model were observed including the animal behavior,pathology, the degree of blood brain barrier(BBB) opening,regional cerebral brain flow (rCBF) and brain tissue ox- ygen tension (PbtO_2).Results The model of rats was stable and repeatable.In both the simulated high altitude group and the plain group,we could observe the characteristics of the model:(1)ischemic changes and injuries of different degrees in the caryon of neuron,the tigroid bodies and the cell organs, (2)different degrees of brain edema,(3) the permeability of the blood brain barrier opening measured with Evan's blue(EB)and (4) the ischemia and anoxemia in injured brain shown by the regional cere- bral brain flow (rCBF)and PbtO_2 monitored respectively with laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) and LICOX CMP monitor instrument.The injuries were more severe and lasted much longer in the simulated high alti- tude group than in the plain group.Conclusion The model we established can simulate the open craniocerebral injury with the missile projectile of brachytely and low energy in rats at high altitude,the injury is more severe and lasts longer than those of the plain group.