2型糖尿病大鼠心肌葡萄糖转运体4的变化及其对葡萄糖和脂肪酸代谢的影响

目的探讨2型糖尿病大鼠心肌葡萄糖转运体4(GLUT4)的表达与葡萄糖及其脂肪酸氧化代谢的关系,同时观察罗格列酮使用后上述指标的变化。方法24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为实验治疗组(6只)、实验对照组(6只)、正常治疗组(6只)和正常对照组(6只)。采用高脂喂养(40%脂肪、42%碳水化合物和18%蛋白质)4周及小剂量链脲佐菌素(35mg/kg)一次性腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型。实验治疗组和正常治疗组给予罗格列酮3mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃2周;各组大鼠进行30min等容离体心脏Langendorff灌注,灌注液含100μU胰岛素、5mmol/L葡萄糖、0.4mmol/L3H软脂酸,测定样本葡萄糖含量及3H2O计数,评估心肌葡萄糖和脂肪酸氧化率;Western印迹法检测心肌细胞膜GLUT4表达水平。结果与正常对照组比较,实验对照组大鼠心肌葡萄糖总氧化量明显较少[(55±6)μmol/g干重vs(69±6)μmol/g干重,P<0.01],葡萄糖氧化比例较少(18%vs25%),脂肪酸氧化率较高(82%vs75%);同时心肌细胞膜上GLUT4的表达量减少53%。与实验对照组比较,给予RSG的实验治疗组,心肌葡萄糖的氧化量较高为(64±6)μmol/g干重(P<0.05),葡萄糖和脂肪酸的氧化比例分别为24%和76%,GLUT4表达量也明显较大(92%vs47%,P<0.01)。结论心肌细胞膜上GLUT4表达减少可能是2型糖尿病心肌葡萄糖和脂肪酸氧化代谢改变的重要原因,罗格列酮通过增加GLUT4的表达,可以提高心肌葡萄糖氧化、降低脂肪酸氧化,这将有助于减轻糖尿病心肌细胞损伤,增强抗缺血的能力。

Change of glucose transporter 4 and its influence on glucose and fatty-acid metabolism in type 2 diabetic myocardium

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between sarcolemmal content of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and the myocardial glucose and fatty acid utilization in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: control, HFD/STZ, control/RSG and HFD/STZ/RSG. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet (40% of the calories was supplied by fat) for 4 weeks, intraperitoneally injected with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin to establish type 2 diabetes model, and 24 diabetic rats were randomized into four groups: HFD/STZ/RSG group [fed with high fat food and given rosiglitazone (3 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) for 2 weeks], HFD/STZ group (fed with high fat food and given normal saline), control/RSG [fed with normal food and given rosiglitazone (3 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) for 2 weeks], and control group (fed with normal food and given normal saline). Then the rats were killed and their hearts were taken out to be mounted onto a Langendorff perfusion apparatus to be perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer in the presence of 5 mmol/L glucose and 0.4 mmol/L (3)H labeling palmitate. Glucose uptake and (3)H2O collection were used to evaluate the rate of carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation. The sarcolemmal content of GLUT4 protein was detected by Western blotting method. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the diabetic rats had a significantly depression of glucose uptake of the heart [(55 +/- 6) micromol/g dry weight vs (69 +/- 6) micromol/g dry weight, P < 0.01], the oxidation rate of glucose decreased from 25% to 18% and the oxidation rate of palmitate increased from 75% to 82%, and the sarcolemmal GLUT4 content was decreased by 53% after 30 minutes' perfusion. In the HFD/STZ/RSG group the glucose uptake level was (64 +/- 6) micromol/g dry weight, significantly higher than that of the HFD/STZ group (P < 0.05), the proportions of glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation were 24% and 76% respectively, and the GLUT4 expression was 92% that of the normal rats, significantly higher than that of the HFD/STZ group (47%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The sarcolemmal GLUT4 content in the type 2 diabetic myocardium is obviously decreased, which may be associated with the decrease of glucose uptake and increase of fatty acid oxygen. Rosiglitazone treatment may exert beneficial effects on the energy substrate utilization by increasing the expression of GLUT4.