以阴、阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者威斯康星卡片分类测验的比较研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的特点。方法对２３例以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症、３０例以阳性症状为主的精神分裂症和２８名正常人进行了威斯康星卡片分类测验（ＷＣＳＴ）。结果显示以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者的总测验次数、持续错误数和非持续错误数明显高于以阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者和正常人，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。同时发现，ＷＣＳＴ的以上测验指标在两组患者之间差异亦有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。相关分析显示，以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者的Ａｎｄｒｅａｓｅｎ阴性症状量表总分与简明精神病评定量表的迟滞因子分和持续错误数呈显著正相关（ｒ分别为０．４３７２和０．４５５１）。结论提示精神分裂症患者存在执行功能障碍，其中阴性症状可能与额叶功能缺陷有关。

A comparative study of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms and negative symptoms

Objective The purpose of the study was to explore the cognitive function in schizophrenia. Methods Twenty three schizophrenic patients with negative and thirty with positive symptoms and twenty eight normal controls were studied with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results This study showed that the schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms did significantly worse than the other two groups on the total trials, perseverative errors and random errors ( P <0.05). Meanwhile the patients with positive symptoms performed significantly worse than normal controls ( P <0.05). Further significant correlations were found between Scale for Assessment of Negative symptoms (SANS) and preservative errors ( r =0.455 1), and between withdraw of Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS)and preservative errors ( r =0.437 2) in patients with negative symptoms. Conclusion The study suggests that the performance dysfunction is exist in schizophrenia patients and their negative symptoms are related with frontal dysfunction.