中药抗腹泻的药效作用及机制研究进展

腹泻是一种临床常见消化道疾病,是引起儿童患病和死亡的第2大病因。目前,在治疗腹泻过程中长期不合理使用化学类药物、抗生素类药物等会加速肠道病原菌耐药性的产生,并且现代药物制剂和治疗成本较高,因此会给临床治疗带来困难。而中药作为含有多种有效活性成分的纯天然药物,具有低残留、低毒性、不易产生耐药性等优势,并且研究表明中药制剂、单味中药和中药有效成分对腹泻治疗有着独特的疗效,使抗腹泻中药成为抗腹泻药物研究领域的热点。因此,本研究通过查阅近几年相关中外文献资料,整理出抗腹泻相关中药,并从中药调节水和电解质平衡、抗炎、干预胃肠激素分泌、保护肠黏膜、促进肠道修复等方面对中药治疗腹泻展开系统的阐述。其中肠上皮细胞对液体和电解质的过度分泌与吸收障碍是腹泻发病机制的两个重要因素,因此减少肠液分泌和促进肠液吸收成为治疗腹泻的有效手段。本文对中药抗腹泻的药效作用及机制进行整理,以期为中药抗腹泻作用机制研究和抗腹泻中药新药的研发提供理论支持。

Anti-diarrhea Effect and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Diarrhea is a common clinical digestive tract disease, and the second major cause of illness and death among children. At present, long-term irrational use of chemical drugs and antibiotics in the treatment of diarrhea will accelerate the emergence of drug resistance of intestinal pathogenic bacteria, and modern drug preparations and therapies cost very high, which therefore bring difficulties to clinical treatment. As a pure natural drug containing a variety of active ingredients, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has the advantages of low residue, low toxicity and low drug resistance. And the study shows that TCM preparations, single TCM and effective components of TCM have a unique efficacy in the treatment of diarrhea, which makes anti-diarrhea TCM become a hotspot in the research field of anti-diarrhea drugs. Therefore, through consultation of relevant Chinese and foreign literatures in recent years, this study summarizes relevant anti-diarrhea TCM, and systematically expounds the treatment of diarrhea with TCM in the aspects of regulating the balance of water and electrolyte, anti-inflammation, interfering with gastrointestinal hormone secretion, protecting intestinal mucosa, promoting intestinal repair. Specifically, because the excessive secretion and absorption of liquids and electrolytes by intestinal epithelial cells are two important factors in the pathogenesis of diarrhea, the reduction of intestinal fluid secretion and the promotion of intestinal fluid absorption become effective means for the treatment of diarrhea. This paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of TCM against diarrhea, in order to provide theoretical support for the study of the anti-diarrhea mechanism and the research and development of new drugs of TCM against diarrhea.