超高效合相色谱法检测短链脂肪酸的研究展望

短链脂肪酸(Short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)的检测多以气相色谱法(gas chromatography,GC)为主,但随着研究的深入,GC在食品、化工和临床应用中所表现出的弊端也越发突出。通过对现有的研究结果进行分析,发现超高效合相色谱法(ultra performance convergence chromatography,UPC~2)适用于对脂质的高效分析。UPC~2是近五年发展起来的新型色谱分离技术,而SCFAs的水平与人体多种代谢性疾病的研究相关联,因此将UPC~2运用于SCFAs的检测将有助于国内外学者对其展开更为深入的研究,也有助于指导多种代谢性疾病的治疗。本文回顾了SCFAs近十年来的相关研究,分析了GC和液相色谱(liquid chromatography,LC)在SCFAs检测中存在的不足之处,介绍了UPC~2的发展历程、基本特性和国内外研究现状,总结了其应用于SCFAs检测分析的可行性和创新性。归纳了UPC~2应用于粪便、血清中SCFAs检测的样品预处理方法,指出了样品预处理过程中应注意的问题,同时对UPC~2检测SCFAs进行方法学的研究展望。着重探讨了提取溶剂、流动相、辅助溶剂对色谱行为的影响以及UPC~2色谱柱的理化性质、类型和选择。简述了碱性改性剂、酸性改性剂、盐类改性剂的选择,以期为SCFAs的研究提供高效、简便、环保、经济的检测技术,为临床大规模样品的快速检测提供更具优势的参考方案。

Research Outlook of Short-chain Fatty Acids Detected by Ultra Performance Convergence Chromatography

Gas chromatography (GC) is mainly used to detect the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but with the deepening of research,the drawbacks of GC have become more and more obvious in the fields of food,chemical engineering and clinical application. The analysis on existing research results showed that ultra performance convergence chromatography (UPC²) was appropriate for the analysis of lipid metabolism. The UPC² is a new kind of chromatographic separation technology developed in recent five years and the level of SCFAs is associated with the research on multiple diseases. Therefore,application of UPC² in the detection of SCFAs would be helpful for the scholars at home and abroad to carry out deeper researches,and also helpful to guide the treatment for various metabolic disorders. In this paper,the researches on SCFAs in recent ten years were reviewed; the shortcomings of GC and liquid chromatography (LC) in the detection of SCFAs were reviewed; the development process,basic characteristics and research status of UPC² at home and abroad were introduced; feasibility and innovation of UPC² in the detection of SCFAs were summarized. Pretreatment methods for UPC² application to the detection of SCFAs in feces or serum were collected; the problems that should be noticed during the process of sample pretreatment were pointed out; meanwhile, an research outlook on methodology of UPC² application in the detection of SCFAs was conducted. The effects of extracting solvent,mobile phase,and auxiliaryt solvent on chromatographic behavior as well as the physicochemical property, type and choice of UPC² chromatographic column were mainly discussed in this paper. In addition, the choices of basic modifier,acid modifier,and salinity modifier were briefly outlined, in order to provide efficient,simple,environmental,and economic detection technologies for the research on SCFAs, and provide better reference solutions for the rapid detection of massive clinical samples.