五味子活性成分及药理作用研究进展

五味子(Schisandra chinensis)为木兰科植物五味子的干燥成熟果实。近年来,国内外学者对五味子各个部位的活性成分及药理作用进行了大量的研究,表明五味子具有药用和食用的双重功能,被广泛用作保健品和药品。该文对五味子的活性成分及药理作用进行系统地整理,发现五味子果实、种子、根、藤茎、叶等药用部位主要包含木脂素类、挥发油类、三萜类、多糖类及黄酮类化合物,其中木脂素类为五味子中的主要特征性活性成分,三萜类、多糖类及挥发油的活性次之,黄酮类化合物活性鲜有报道。通过对五味子药理学研究发现,五味子木脂素类成分对中枢神经系统、心血管系统、肝脏、肾脏和生殖系统均有一定的影响,且还具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌、抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的作用。其他化学成分也均具有较好的药理活性,但相比木脂素类,研究深度仍有待挖掘。该研究为开发利用五味子,同时为今后深入开展五味子的药品和保健品提供了重要的参考和基础。

Review of Active Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus

Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus is dry,mature fruits of magnolia plant Schisandra chinensis. In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars have made a lot of studies on active constituents of S. chinensis and pharmacological activities. This article systematically organizes the active constituents and pharmacological activities of S. chinensis. It was found that fruit,seeds,roots,stems and leaves of S. chinensis and other medicinal parts mainly contained lignans,volatile oils,triterpenoids,polysaccharides and flavonoids. And lignans were the main characteristic active ingredients of S. chinensis,triterpenoids,polysaccharides and volatile oils were the secondary active ingredients,and the activity of flavonoids had rarely been reported. According to the pharmacological study of S. chinensis,S. chinensis lignans had certain effects on the central nervous system,cardiovascular system,liver,kidney and reproductive system,with anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,anti-bacterial and anti-HIV effects. Other chemical components also had good pharmacological activities,but were less studied than lignans. With dual functions in medicine and food, it was widely used as a health product and medicine. This article systematically summarized the active constituents and pharmacological activities of S. chinensis,and provided an important reference and basis for the further development of the health product and medicine of S. chinensis in the future.