间充质干细胞移植治疗作用机制

间充质干细胞治疗的疾病谱比造血干细胞更广。迄今为止，国外已有十多个间充质干细胞产品被批准临床应用，国内也有数个产品被批准临床试验研究。间充质干细胞通过直接和间接两种方式发挥治疗作用。直接方式包括归巢、促进外源干细胞植入患处，以及定向分化与多向分化等；间接方式包括双向调节免疫反应和炎症反应、抗氧化应激、抗纤维化、抗凋亡、造血支持作用及参与或促进血管再生、激活内源干细胞增殖分化及患病组织器官已分化的正常细胞去分化，以及抗衰老、抗瘢痕等。间充质干细胞移植治疗的作用机制十分复杂，迄今仍没有完全弄清，还需要进行深入研究。研究间充质干细胞的移植治疗作用机制，对于间充质干细胞临床应用具有重要意义。

The mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy

The spectrum of diseases treated with mesenchymal stem cells is broader than that with hematopoietic stem cells. By so far, more than ten products of mesenchymal stem cells have been approved for clinical application abroad, and several products have been approved for clinical trials in China. Mesenchymal stem cells play therapeutic roles in both direct and indirect ways. Direct ways include homing, promoting the implantation of injected stem cells and directional and multidirectional differentiation. Indirect ways include bidirectional regulating immune responses and inflammatory responses, anti oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, anti-apoptosis, hematopoietic support, participating in or promoting angiogenesis, activating endogenous stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and dedifferentiation of differentiated normal cells in diseased tissues and organs, as well as anti-aging, anti-scar and so on. The mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation therapy are very complex. At present, it has not been fully understood, and further research is needed. To study the therapeutic mechanisms of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells is of great significance for clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells.