降尿酸中药药效物质筛选方法学研究进展

体内血清尿酸浓度长期过高时,可诱发痛风并引起一系列代谢性疾病。近20年来,由于生活水平的不断提高及饮食结构的改变,高尿酸血症及痛风的发病率不断增高。降低血清尿酸水平是高尿酸血症与痛风防治的首要方法,但目前临床应用的降尿酸西药均具有较严重的毒副作用。降尿酸中草药在长期的使用过程中安全有效,随着现代科学技术的迅速发展,应用及开发不同筛选方法从这些中草药中寻找高效、安全的药效物质已成为高尿酸血症及痛风防治药物研究的热点。本文对降尿酸中草药提取物、提取物部位及活性单体成分等药效物质筛选方法进行了综述,发现降尿酸药效物质筛选方法主要有体内法和体外法,体内法主要应用于筛选药材提取物降尿酸活性与机制,体外方法多用于单体活性成分筛选且以黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)抑制剂筛选为主,分子对接联用同源建模及亲和超滤联用液质联用(AUF-LC-MS)技术已成为促尿酸排泄成分及XOD抑制剂筛选的新趋势,而体外细胞模型将为促尿酸排泄药中草药药效物质筛选开辟新途径。综述为高尿酸血症及痛风的中草药药药效物质筛选及药物开发提供了一定的参考依据。

Methodology for Screening Effective Substances of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Reducing Serum Uric Acid Level

Gout is caused by the nucleation and growth of monosodium rate crystals in tissues and around joints, which is followed by long-standing hyperuricemia and serum urate of above the saturation threshold. It could cause a series of complications, such as cardiovascular, hypertension, and renal complications. Over the past two decades, the incidences of hyperuricemia and gout have been increasing due to the continuous improvement of living standards and the changes in dietary structure. The prime and most important therapy for hyperuricemia and gout is to reduce serum uric acid levels, but the western medicine for reducing uric acid in clinical application has serious toxic and side effects. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the application and development of different screening methods for effective ingredients with a low toxicity and side effects from Chinese herbal medicines for reducing serum uric acid levels has attracted much attention in the research and development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, the screening methods for extracts, fractions, active monomer components and other effective substances were reviewed and analyzed. According to the findings, the screening methods had a considerable progress both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the in vivo methods were mainly applied for studying the urate lowing effect and mechanisms of herbal extracts, while the studies for xanthine oxidase(XOD) inhibitors mainly depended on the in vitro methods. Molecular docking homology modeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have become a new trend for screening effective substances with XOD inhibitory activities and uric acid excretion activities, while cell model will open up a new way for screening effective substances for uric acid excretion. The review provides certain reference for effective components screening of hyperuricemia and gout.