中药通过线粒体自噬保护缺血心肌的研究进展

缺血性心脏病是全球死亡率最高的疾病之一,人们迫切需要新的治疗方法和预防手段。一般情况下,心肌细胞依赖于线粒体氧化磷酸化所产生的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)来维持其舒缩功能和离子泵功能。细胞自噬是一种广泛存在于真核细胞内的程序性降解机制,是机体组织的一种自我防御机制和自我修复过程,也是细胞凋亡的一种方式,是维持人体细胞能量平衡的一种基本现象。线粒体自噬是细胞选择性自噬的一种,是受损线粒体利用自噬机制选择性清除受损的蛋白质和细胞器来维持细胞内环境稳定。线粒体自噬对于维持心肌细胞的稳态非常重要。随着现代生物学研究的深入,越来越多的中药或其提取物被证实可以通过自噬或者调节线粒体的功能来改善缺血/再灌注后的心肌细胞损伤。这更加启发着中医药工作者以线粒体为靶向寻找有效的治疗措施。基于以上背景,本文就线粒体自噬在缺血性心脏病中的作用以及中医药在该领域的干预研究进行综述。

Protective Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Ischemic Myocardium by Mitochondrial Autophagy

Ischemic heart disease is one of the most deadly diseases in the world, and new therapies and preventive measures are urgently needed. In general, cardiomyocytes rely on adenosine triphosphate(ATP) produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to maintain their systolic and ion pump functions. Autophagy is a procedural degradation mechanism widely present in eukaryotic cells. It is a self-defense mechanism and self-repair process of the body tissues. It is also a way of apoptosis and a basic phenomenon to maintain the energy balance of human cells. Mitochondrial autophagy is a type of selective autophagy in cells. In fact, damaged mitochondria selectively remove damaged proteins and organelles with autophagy to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial autophagy is important for maintaining the homeostasis of cardiomyocytes. With the deepening of modern biological research, more and more traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) or their extracts have been proven to alleviate myocardial cell damage after ischemia/reperfusion through autophagy or regulation of mitochondrial function. This further inspires TCM workers to find effective treatment measures by targeting mitochondria. Under the above background, this paper reviews the effects of mitochondrial autophagy on ischemic heart disease and the intervention studies of TCM in this field.