犊牛腹泻的病因及综合防控技术

【目的】随着我国肉牛养殖业的不断发展,犊牛腹泻逐渐成为危害肉牛养殖的主要疾病,弄清其发生原因对实施有效的综合防制措施至关重要。【方法】在全面分析肉牛繁育场犊牛腹泻致病原因的基础上,采取以对因疗法为主的犊牛腹泻综合防控措施。【结果】对犊牛采用综合防控技术方案,如通过加强饲养管理、疫苗接种、及时喂给初乳等,使得肉牛繁育场由细菌如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌,病毒如轮状病毒、冠状病毒和牛病毒性腹泻病毒,寄生虫如隐孢子虫、球虫和蛔虫等引起的犊牛腹泻均得到了有效控制。对腹泻犊牛采用抗菌、抗病毒、驱虫等对因治疗的基础上,并适时补充体液和电解质等对症治疗,大大提高了治愈率和存活率,减少了对犊牛的危害。【结论】引起犊牛腹泻的因素有很多,尽早吃初乳是预防犊牛腹泻的最有效方法;对于腹泻犊牛及时采取对因治疗和对症治疗相结合的方法是减少犊牛死亡的关键措施,为养殖户提供一定的理论参考。

Etiology Analysis and Comprehensive Prevention of Calf Diarrhea

[Objective] With the continuous development of beef cattle breeding industry in China, the calf diarrhea has gradually become a major disease that endangers cattle industry. Finding out the causes of calf diarrhea is very important for the implementation of effective comprehensive control measures. [Method] Based on the comprehensive analysis of the causes of calf diarrhea in the beef cattle breeding center, the corresponding comprehensive prevention measures were adopted. [Result] The comprehensive prevention and control technical schemes for calves, such as strengthening feeding management, vaccination and colostrum feeding in time, effectively controlled the calf diarrhea caused by bacteria(such as Salmonella, and Escherichia coli), viruses(such as rotavirus, coronavirus and bovine diarrheal viruses) and parasites(such as cryptosporidium, coccidioides and roundworms). On the basis of anti-bacterial, anti-virus and insect-repellent treatments for calves, as well as giving symptomatic treatments, such as supplement of body fluids and electrolyte, the cure and survival rate were significantly improved, and the damage to calves was reduced.[Conclusion] Although many factors can cause calf diarrhea, feeding colostrum as early as possible is the most effective method. The combination of etiological and symptomatic treatment is the key measure for reducing calf death rate, and the results provides a certain theoretical reference for farmers.