Thrombin regulates CD40 expression in microglial cells |
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Authors: | Weinstein Jonathan R Ettinger Russell E Zhang Matthew Andersen Henrik Hanisch Uwe-Karsten Möller Thomas |
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Affiliation: | Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. jweinste@u.washington.edu |
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Abstract: | Microglial cells are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and quickly respond to injury by proliferation, cytokine release, and increased cell surface antigen expression. Thrombin is a multifunctional serine proteinase, which has the capability to activate microglial cells. Here, we report that pharmaceutical-grade thrombin dose-dependently increases the expression of CD40 in N9 microglial cells. This effect is blocked by a thrombin inhibitor, mimicked by thrombin receptor-activating peptide and modified by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors. Thrombin-induced CD40 regulation might play a role in diseases with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier such as multiple sclerosis or stroke. |
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