西宁地区1332例急性心肌梗死发病特征及危险因素分析

目的：探讨西宁地区急性心肌梗死发病特征及其危险因素特点并制定相应的干预及治疗措施，为西宁地区急性心肌梗死的治疗进一步规范化提供依据。方法：对2006年1月1日_20（）9年12月31日西宁地区急性心肌梗死1332例患者的性别、年龄、发病季节及发病时间等一般情况及伴发疾病、梗死的部位等项目进行调查和统计分析。结果：冬季与春季患者比例明显高于其他季节，4：00—12：00时段发病患者比例明显高于其他时间段，而梗死部位以下壁及前壁梗死为主，其发病率高于梗死部位，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。危险因素中年龄I〉60岁、男性、伴发基础疾病（冠心病、高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病）及不良生活习惯（吸烟、饮酒、肥胖及高盐高脂饮食）均与心肌梗死密切相关，其均为急性心肌梗死的独立危险因素（P〈0．05）。结论：针对西宁地区急性心肌梗死的流行病学与低海拔地区不同的特点，在急性心梗的救治过程中，既要看到高原与平原的共性，又要看到其不同点，采取相应的和针对性强的救治原则和措施。

Onset Features and Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Xining Area： Retrospective analysis of 1 332 cases

Objective：To understand the characteristics and risk factors of acute myocardial infarction at high altitude to develop intervention and treatment measures in clinic. Methods： A total of 1 332 cases of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2009 in Xining area were collected. Patients＇age, gender, onset seasons, onset time and concomitant diseases, infarction site of myocardium etc. were analyzed retrospectively and sta- tistical management was performed using SPSS12.0 software. Results： The incidence of AMI was greater in winter and spring in Xining area as compared with other seasons, especially in 4 - 12 o~lock AM. The main infarcted site was in inferior and anterior wall. The age I〉60 years, male, other diseases such as coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and bad bye habits were the main risk factors of AMI. Conclusions：On the basis of onset features of AMI at high altitude, we would take the corresponding and well - targeted treatment principles and measures in clinic.