安全输血采用不规则抗体筛查的临床价值

目的 探讨临床输血前采用不规则抗体筛查对安全输血的临床价值.方法 收集2010年1月至2013年5月1839例输血患者,以coombs卡进行不规则抗体筛查,随后进行交叉配血试验,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 1839例患者血清标本中,共检出不规则抗体阳性患者17例（0.92%）,其中,男性4例,女性13例;不规则抗体阴性1822例（99.08%）,其中,男性1039例,女性783例.对不规则抗体阳性和阴性患者进行性别比较发现,抗体阳性患者中女性比例高于男性（χ2=7.698,P=0.006）;不规则抗体检测,以Rh血型系统为最多,共检测出8例（47.06%）,其次为MNS血型系统,共3例（17.65%）;对不规则抗体阳性患者进行特异性鉴定发现,特异性抗体15例（88.23%）,未确定特异性抗体2例（11.77%）.结论对患者进行输血前不规则抗体筛查,可防止抗体引起的溶血性输血反应,对临床输血安全意义重大.

Clinical value of irregular antibody screening in safe blood transfusion

Objective To investigate the clinical value of irregular antibody screening in safe blood transfusion before clinical blood transfusion.Methods Irregular antibodies of 1839 blood recipients from Jan, 2010 to May, 2012 were detected by Coombs Microtube Gel test and were given cross match test. Their results were statistically analysed.Results After the serum specimens of the 1839 blood receipients were tested, 17（0.92%）positive cases with irregular antibodies were found,including 4 males and 13 females.And the rest 1822（ 99.08% ）were negative cases with irregular antibodies, including 1039 males and 783 females.The gender statistics of patients with irregular positive an- tibodies and those with negative antibodies showed that the positive rate of irregular antibodies in female blood recipi- ents was higher than that in male,and the difference was statistically significant（X^2= 7.689, P = 0.006）. In irregular antibody detection, the cases with Rh blood group system accounted for the most （8 cases, 47.06 % ） and were followed by MNS blood group system（3 cases, 17.65 % ）.Specific identification of the patients with irregular positive antibody indicated that there were 15 cases （88.23 % ） with specific antibodies and 2 cases （ 11.77 % ） with uncertain specific an- tibodies.Conclusion Irregular antibody screening before blood transfusion can prevent the hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by antibodies, so it has a profound significance on clinical transfusion safety.