5-氮杂脱氧胞苷对白血病细胞生长作用及相关基因表达的影响

目的　探讨甲基化抑制剂 5 氮杂脱氧胞苷 (5 aza 2′ deoxycytidine,5 aza CdR)去甲基化治疗白血病的作用机制。方法　采用MTT实验、硝基四氮唑蓝 (NBT)还原实验和DNA凝胶电泳的方法 ,观察 5 aza CdR对白血病细胞株和原代细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的影响 ;通过RT PCR和甲基化特异性PCR方法检测DNA甲基转移酶 (DNMT)、p15、p5 3、bcl 2基因表达变化和p15基因的甲基化状态。结果　 5 aza CdR对HL 6 0、K5 6 2细胞和白血病原代细胞的生长抑制有明显的剂量依赖性和时间依赖性。 0 .5 μmol/L 5 aza CdR对HL 6 0细胞有较明显的促分化作用。不同浓度 5 aza CdR处理细胞后 ,有不同程度的p15、p5 3mRNA表达上调和bcl 2mRNA表达下调 ,DNMTmRNA表达水平在处理前后无明显变化。在原代白血病细胞中 ,p15基因甲基化程度随着 5 aza CdR浓度的增加逐渐减低。结论　 5 aza CdR对白血病细胞株和原代细胞的增殖均有明显的抑制作用 ,其作用机制可能与p15、p5 3基因的上调以及bcl 2基因的下调有关 ,p15 INK4B基因甲基化程度的降低 ,主要与 5 aza CdR的竞争性抑制有关 ,而不是由DNMT基因的下调所致

Growth and gene expression of leukemia cell after treated with methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of demethylation therapy of leukemia by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR). METHODS: By using MTT test, NBT reduction reaction and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, changes in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis were observed in K562, HL-60 and fresh leukemia cells after treated with 5-aza-CdR. The mRNA expressions of DNMTs, p15, p53 and bcl-2 were measured by RT-PCR. The status of p15(INK4B) gene methylation was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP-PCR). RESULTS: The growth inhibition of K562, HL-60 and fresh leukemia cells displayed a dose and time-dependent manner after treated by 5-aza-CdR. The differentiation-inducing ability on HL-60 cells was obvious at 0.5 micromol/L of 5-aza-CdR. The up-regulation of p15 mRNA and p53 mRNA expression and down-regulation of bcl-2 mRNA expression were obvious as compared with the control, but the DNMTs expression was not significantly different from the control. The methylation status of p15 gene in fresh leukemia cells decreased gradually with increasing concentration of 5-aza-CdR. CONCLUSION: The proliferation of leukemia cells was obviously inhibited by 5-aza-CdR, its mechanism maybe related to the up-regulation of p15 and p53 genes and down-regulation of bcl-2 gene. The decrease of p15 gene methylation was associated with the competitive inhibition of 5-aza-CdR.