有氧运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Na+，K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶及线粒体肿胀的影响

背景：研究表明有氧运动可提高线粒体功能，但在不同时期的作用特点还不明确。 目的：观察不同周期有氧运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Na+，K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶以及线粒体肿胀的影响。 方法：将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组，有氧运动2，4和6周组。正常对照组不进行有氧运动，其余3组则参照BedfordTG标准，采用跑台运动方式，建立有氧运动模型进行相应的运动周期锻炼。测定各组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Na+，K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶的活性以及线粒体肿胀程度。 结果与结论：有氧运动2周组各指标与对照组比较无差异。有氧运动4和6周组线粒体Na+，K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性均增高(P < 0.05)，线粒体肿胀程度降低(P < 0.05)。实验结果表明，有氧运动可保护线粒体Na+，K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶的活性，提高线粒体功能，但需要一定的时间积累。

Effects of aerobic exercise on the activity of mitochondrial Na+, K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and mitochondrial swelling

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that aerobic exercise can improve mitochondrial function. However, the effect features of aerobic exercise with different periods on bodies remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise with different periods on the activity of mitochondrial Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, as well as mitochondrial swelling. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly separated into four groups, namely, control, 2-week, 4-week and 6-week aerobic exercise groups. The control mice had not undergone treadmill running. The other 3 groups carried on the corresponding period of exercise in the way of treadmill running, and the aerobic exercise mode was designed by referencing Bedford TG standard. Then the skeletal muscle mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation to measure their Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities, as well as the extent of mitochondrial swelling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences between the control group and 2-week aerobic exercise group. However, with the exercise prolonged, the Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities increased (P < 0.05) and the extent of the mitochondrial swelling decreased (P < 0.05). The present findings demonstrate that, aerobic exercise can protect the activity of mitochondrial Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and increase the function of mitochondria. But it needs some time to adapt.