生殖安全研究进展

生殖安全的理念在2005年中华医学会生殖医学分会成立大会上提出至今,受到了国内外学者前所未有的关注。胚胎源性疾病的新概念已在国家重大基础研究计划———＂ART致胚胎源性疾病机制研究＂中立项开篇探索。辅助生殖技术（ART）涉及的超促排卵、体外受精、体外培养、配子/胚胎冻融、卵裂球活检等非生理性的过程,引发了相应的＂生殖安全性问题＂。其可能与高流产率、早产、先天畸形、低出生体质量等不良健康风险、遗传病、染色体异常、表观遗传修饰异常、神经系统发育异常、肿瘤等成年期疾病发生有联系。除了ART本身,亲代生殖障碍相关疾病可通过干扰分子表达、信号通路等影响配子发生、受精、胚胎发育及着床。亲代妊娠期并发症引起的宫内环境异常可能通过干扰基因、蛋白表达导致子代迟发性疾病的发生。亲代感染性疾病则可通过配子垂直传播给子代,影响子代健康。生殖安全还依赖于环境安全,环境中各种有害因素包括物理和化学因素均可能对生物生殖行为产生不良影响。

Progress of Reproductive Security

The concept of reproductive security was firstly suggested in 2005 by the inaugural meeting of the China Medical Association Reproductive Medicine Branch. So far,the reproductive security received unprecedented attention. The new concept of embryo origin of adult diseases has been explored in the national key basic research program＇ The mechanism of embryo origin of adult disease caused by assisted reproductive technology＇. Those non-physiological process involved in assisted reproductive technology （ART）,including superovulation,in vitro fertilization,in vitro culture,gamete/embryo freezing and thawing,blastomere biopsy,cause the problem of reproductive security. ART may related to the high rates of miscarriage,premature birth,congenital malformations,low birth body mass and other adverse health risks,genetic diseases,chromosomal abnormalities, abnormal epigenetic modifications,nervous system abnormalities,cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders in adulthood. Besides ART itself,those parental reproductive disorders might influence gametogenesis,fertilization, embryo development,and implantation. The adverse intrauterine environment caused by parental pregnancy complications might related to the occurrence of the delayed adult disease in offspring interfereing the gene and protein expression. Parental infectious diseases possibly might vertically transmit to offspring by gametes,which significantly affect the health of offspring. The reproductive security also depends on environmental safety. The harmful physical and chemical factors in environment might have an adverse impact on the reproductive behavior.