刺尾鱼毒素研究进展

刺尾鱼毒素（maitotoxin，MTX）是由冈比甲藻属和福冈属的鞭毛藻产生，经食物链蓄积于刺尾鱼体内的一类结构独特的聚醚类海洋生物毒素。MTX是1种电压依赖型Ca2+通道激活剂，在作用于生物体细胞后，会引起一系列钙离子相关的生理反应，最终导致细胞凋亡或死亡，因此MTX对Ca2+通道及相关机制研究具有重要作用。MTX作为药理学研究工具药在国内外应用广泛，但对其毒理作用研究较少，激活相应Ca2+通道的具体机制尚不明确。目前MTX的检测方法主要有生物检测法、细胞毒性实验检测法、色谱检测法等。其检测方法大多应用于毒性评价、产毒藻种筛选以及MTX的分离纯化等方面，但对于生物体MTX中毒，迄今仍缺少快速简便的检测方法。因此，发展MTX快速检测技术对公共卫生事业意义重大。本文就MTX毒性机制和MTX检测方法进行了综述，总结了其研究现状和进展，为MTX毒性作用的进一步研究和毒性的检测防护提供了依据。

Research Progress on Maitotoxin

Maitotoxin (MTX) is a class of polyether marine biotoxins, which are produced by the microscopic algae known as dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa and accumulate in the body of acanthuridae through the food chain. MTX is a voltage-gate Ca2+ channel activator.After acting on the cells of the organism, it will cause a series of calcium ion-related physiological reactions, which will eventually lead to apoptosis or death. Therefore, MTX has an important role in the researches of Ca2+ channels and related reaction mechanism. MTX is widely used as a pharmacologic research tool at home and abroad, but its toxicological effects are less studied.The exact mechanism of Ca2+ channel activation is unclear.At present, the MTX detection methods mainly include biological detection,cytotoxicity test, chromatographic detection,etc. Most of the detection methods are used in toxicity evaluation, screening of algae species and separation and purification of MTX, but there is still a lack of rapid and simple detection methods for biological MTX poisoning. As a result, the development of MTX rapid detection technology is great significance to public health. This paper reviews the mechanism of MTX toxicity and MTX detection methods, summarizes its research actuality and progress, and it provides the basis for the further study of the toxicity of MTX and the detection and protection of the toxicity.