西藏地区3岁以下儿童辅食添加状况调查

目的 了解西藏地区3岁以下儿童的辅食添加状况。方法 采用横断面调查设计与分层多阶段随机抽样法，获得1655对母与子，通过母亲回顾调查了儿童的辅食添加情况，并与1995年中国9市(城区和郊区)7岁以下儿童及同时期中国西部40个贫困县农村3岁以下儿童喂养状况比较。结果 西藏地区3岁以下儿童辅食添加中糌粑(熟青稞面和酥油茶的混合物)添加最早，平均在出生后1．98月龄，男童稍早于女童，但其他辅食的添加两者间差异无显著性。城市儿童添加辅食明显早于农村儿童，到4月龄时，城市中仅有10．6％的儿童尚未添加辅食，而农村却仍有21．7％的儿童尚未添加；农区儿童添加辅食早于牧区儿童，到4月龄尚未添加辅食的比例分别为14．2％和30．9％；鸡蛋和猪、牛、羊肉类的添加时间在8～9月龄之间，城市添加比例和频率高于农村；西藏儿童到6月龄时只有11．5％尚未添加任何辅食，明显低于西部40个贫困县(45．2％)。在动物性辅食的添加上，西藏儿童也较早，到6月龄尚未添加任何动物性辅食的儿童比例为49％，而西部40个县则为61．4％。到6月龄时下列各类辅食的添加比例分别为：糌粑89．1％、鸡蛋22．1％、鲜奶29．1％、猪牛羊肉23．5％、蔬菜17．5％、豆制品0．75％、鱼肉1．03％、鸡肉3．35％。结论 西藏地区3岁以下儿童的喂养方式较平原地区有很大的区别，其辅食结构以糌粑为主，辅以少数几种食品(奶、肉)，缺少蔬菜，特别是农牧区。豆制品、鸡、鱼肉类不是普遍添加的辅食。辅食添加早，种类单调是其喂养方面存在的一个突出特点，改善辅食添加是改善该地区儿童营养状况的一个重要环节。

The introduction of complementary food of children under the age of three years in Tibet of China

Objective To understand the feeding status of Tibetan children aged below three years old. Methods Cross-sectional study and randomly sampling were used. The information on complementary food was obtained through the recollection from mother of the child. Data of complementary food of Tibet children was compared with those of the children from the surveys of nine cities in China and 40 poor counties in western China. Results One thousand six hundred and fifty-five children were studied. The findings indicated that the age of introduction of Zanba (a kind food of mixture of highland barley flour and butter) was 1.98 months after birth and the age of introduction of egg and meat was about 8-9 months. Boys were fed with Zanba earlier than girls but there was no significant difference in the introduction of other complementary food between sexes. Urban children were introduced with complementary food earlier than rural children, and children in the agricultural region earlier than those in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of any complementary food by the age of 4 months was about 10.6 % for urban children, but 21.7 % for rural children while 14.2 % for children in the agricultural region and 30.9 % for children in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of complementary food was 11.5 % for Tibetan children compared with 45.2 % for the children of 40 poor counties in western China. The proportions of introduction of the following complementary foods were 89.1 % for Zanba, 22.1 % for egg, 29.1 % for fresh milk, 23.5 % for meat, 17.5 % for vegetable, 0.75 % for bean products, 1.03 % for fish and 3.35 % for chicken respectively. Conclusions The main complementary foods for Tibetan children included Zanba, milk, mutton and beef. There was a small amount of vegetable in diet. The introduction of bean, chicken and fish was not common. Early and monotony seemed to be the character of introduction of complementary food for Tibetan children. Improving introduction of complementary food is important in enhancing the nutritional status of Tibetan children.