Seroepidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis E virus in the northeast of china |
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| Authors: | Yuanhua Yu Jingwei Sun Meixiang Liu Liliang Xia Chenyan Zhao Tim J Harrison Youchun Wang |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No.7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, PR China;2. Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 10050, PR China;3. UCL Medical School, Windeyer Building, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK;1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States;2. Monoclonal Antibody Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States;3. School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States;4. Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, United States;5. University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States;1. CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3200, Victoria, Australia;2. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, China;3. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia;1. Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;2. Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;3. School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;;1. Veterinary Research Center, Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Oman;2. Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia;3. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of infection and genotype of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in people and animals in the northeast of China (Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces). This seroepidemiological study was conducted using enzyme immunoassays and human sera positive for HEV antigen or anti-HEV IgM, and animal sera positive for HEV antigen or with an S/CO ≤10 for anti-HEV were tested for HEV RNA using real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR. In humans, the overall prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 31.6% (311/985), 28.6% (147/514) and 21.1% (841/3994) in individuals frequent, infrequent, and very rare contact with swine, respectively. The overall prevalence of anti-HEV was 81.6% (1737/2127) in pigs above 3 months of age, 66.4% (1644/2473) in pigs below 3 months of age, 18.7% (301/1612) in cattle and 12.4% (162/1302) in sheep. 1211 samples were tested for HEV RNA using real-time RT-PCR and 71 were positive. 30 of the 71 samples also were positive for HEV RNA using nested RT-PCR. These 30 isolates shared 81.2–100% sequence identity with each other at the nucleotide level and belonged to HEV genotype 4, regardless whether from human or animals. The results indicate that HEV infection is widely spread in the northeast of China. The prevalence of anti-HEV in individuals with frequent contact with pigs was significantly higher than those without and the HEV sequences isolated from such individuals were related more closely to isolates from pigs. These support strongly the hypothesis of a zoonotic origin of hepatitis E. |
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