Respiratory adjusted shock index for identifying occult shock and level of Care in Sepsis Patients

Objective

Early identification of shock allows for timely resuscitation. Previous studies note the utility of bedside calculations such as the shock index (SI) and quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) to detect occult shock. Respiratory rate may also be an important marker of occult shock. The goal of our study was to evaluate whether using a modified SI with respiratory rate would improve identification of emergency department sepsis patients admitted to an ICU or stepdown unit.

Methods

A prospective, observational cohort study of the respiratory adjusted shock index (RASI), defined as HR/SBP?×?RR/10, was conducted. RASI was calculated from triage vital signs and compared to serum lactate. Primary outcome was admission to a higher level of care defined as ICU or stepdown unit. A multivariable logistic regression model including RASI, SI, lactate, age and sex was performed with disposition as the outcome variable. Areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to detect occult shock and level of care for RASI, SI, and qSOFA.

Results

408 patients were enrolled, 360 were included in the analysis. Regression analysis revealed that lactate (OR 1.55, z?=?4.38, p?<?0.0001) and RASI (OR 2.27, z?=?3.03, p?<?0.002) were predictive of need for higher level of care. The AUC for RASI, SI, and qSOFA to detect occult shock were 0.71, 0.6, and 0.61 respectively. RASI also had a significant AUC in predicting level of care at 0.75 compared to SI (0.64) and qSOFA (0.62).

Conclusions

RASI may have utility as a rapid bedside tool for predicting critical illness in sepsis patients.