早期营养支持对极低出生体重儿的生长发育及心理行为发育的影响

目的探讨对极低出生体重儿实施早期营养支持的方式,对其生长发育及心理行为发育的影响。方法回顾性分析我院NICU于2015年1月至2017年6月期间收治的符合入院标准的极低出生体重儿102例为研究对象,其中未实施早期营养支持的50例为对照组,实施早期营养支持的52例为观察组,对照组给予延迟营养支持,观察组给予早期肠内外营养支持,对比两组患儿生长发育情况、并发症的发生及神经系统发育指标。结果观察组患儿平均日增长体重高于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组患儿恢复出生体重日龄显著小于对照组(P<0.05);宫外生长迟滞的发生率(以出院体重为参考),观察组为25例(48.1%),对照组为38例(73.10%),两组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组极低出生体重儿常见并发症呼吸窘迫综合征、新生儿窒息、低血糖、坏死性小肠结肠炎、败血症等的发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);纠正胎龄40周时,两组患儿的体质量及身长比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且20项神经评估结果显示观察组较对照组分值高(P<0.05)。结论早期营养支持能够有效解决极低出生体重儿存在的营养和生长发育问题,提高胎儿宫外发育的速度,有效增加患儿的体质量,缩短恢复出生体质量日龄,减少宫外生长迟滞的发生,减少常见并发症的发生,降低了早产儿常见的脑损伤的发生率。

Influence of Early Nutrition Support on the Growth Development and Psychological Behavior Development of Very Low Birth Weight Infant

Objective To discuss what influence can early nutrition support for very low birth weight infants have on their growth development and psychological behavior development.Methods 102 cases very low birth weight infants conforming to admission standards admitted to our hospital NICU from January 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed,among with 50 cases no implementation of early nutrition support as control group,52 cases implementation of early nutrition support as observation group.The control group was given delayed nutrition support,while the observation group was given early enteral and parenteral nutrition support.The growth development conditions,complications incidence and nervous system development index in two groups were compared.Results Average daily weight increase of observation group was higher than the control group( P<0. 05) and days of recovery to birth weight of observation group were less than the control group( P < 0. 05); Extrauterine growth retardation incidence( discharged weight as reference) of observation group was 25 cases( 48. 1%),while control group was 38 cases( 73. 10%)and the difference in two groups was statistically significant( P<0. 05); Common complications incidence of respiratory distress syndrome,neonatal asphyxia,hypoglycemia,necrotizing enterocolitis,sepsis in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group( P<0. 05); When gestational age corrected to 40 weeks,body weight and body length of two groups had statistically significant difference( P<0. 05) and 20 items nerve evaluation results showed that the observation group had higher scores than the control group( P<0. 05).Conclusion Early nutrition support can effectively solve nutrition and growth development problems of very low birth weight infants,improve the speed of extrauterine development,increase body weight effectively,shorten days of recovery to birth weight,reduce growth retardation incidence,reduce common complications incidence and reduce common brain injury incidence in premature infants.