HIV/AIDS患者合并活动性结核病的诊断及方法探讨

目的 在HIV/AIDS患者中筛查活动性结核(TB),并对TB/HIV双重感染患者的活动性rrB诊断方法进行探讨.方法 2006年8月至2007年3月调查南宁市和柳州市4家AIDS定点诊疗机构的660例HIV/AIDS患者,对CD+4T淋巴细胞计数≤350/mm3或至少有TB可疑症状之一的HIV/AIDS患者进行胸部x线平片、痰抗酸染色涂片和液体快速培养检查.结果 CD+4T淋巴细胞计数≤200个/mm3的患者占76.1%(502/660).HIV/AIDS患者合并活动性结核病的比例为22.9%(151/660),其中肺结核占74.8%(113/151),1/3的患者有肺外累及,肺外TB以淋巴TB为主,占68.1%.在痰涂片和胸部X线平片均不支持活动性TB的患者中培养阳性的占20.1%(53/264).在培养阳性的病例中38.5%(35/91)是非结核分枝杆菌感染.结论 本研究HIV/AIDS患者中合并活动性结核病的比例为22.8%.痰的快速培养在HIV/AIDS患者中诊断结核病中起至关重要的作用.HIV/MDS患者合并非结核分枝杆菌以及肺外TB比例不容忽视.

The diagnosis and method investigation of active tuberculosis situation among HIV/AIDS patients

Objective To screen the active tuberculosis patients among HIV infected patients,and investigate the diagnostic methods for active tuberculosis among TB/HIV co-infected patients.Methods From August 2006 to March 2007,660 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled.The study was conducted at 4 authorized hospitals for AIDS in Nanning and Liuzhou.Chest X-ray(CXR),acid-fast stain test of sputum smear and fast culture were applied if CD+4 T cell counts were below 350 cells/mm3 or the patients at least have one suspected symptom.Result The CD<;+>4 T cell count in 76.1% (502/660) of the patients was less than 200 cells/mm3.TB/HIV coinfection was found in 22.9% (151/660) of the HIV patients.Among them,74.8% (113/151) of them were pulmonary TB patients.One third of them were extra-pulmonary TB patients,and 68.1% of them involved lymph node.In 264 patients with negative sputum smear test and CXR,20.1% (53/264) of them showed positive results in fast culture tests.In addition,the non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) infection accounted for 38.5% culture positive cases.Conclusions The TB/HIV coinfection rate is 22.8%.Liquid rapid culture of sputum plays an import role in diagnosing of active tuberculosis among HIV patients.There are considerable proportions of NTM or extra-pulmonary TB coinfection in HIV patients.