Diagnostic endoscopic ultrasonography: Assessment of safety and prevention of complications |
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Authors: | Christian Jenssen Maria Victoria Alvarez-S��nchez Bertrand Napol��on Siegbert Faiss |
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Affiliation: | Christian Jenssen, Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch-Oderland GmbH, D15344 Strausberg, Germany;Maria Victoria Alvarez-Sánchez, Bertrand Napoléon, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hopital Privé Jean Mermoz, F69008 Lyon, France;Siegbert Faiss, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, D22291 Hamburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has gained wide acceptance as an important, minimally invasive diagnostic tool in gastroenterology, pulmonology, visceral surgery and oncology. This review focuses on data regarding risks and complications of non-interventional diagnostic EUS and EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). Measures to improve the safety of EUS und EUS-FNB will be discussed. Due to the specific mechanical properties of echoendoscopes in EUS, there is a low but noteworthy risk of perforation. To minimize this risk, endoscopists should be familiar with the specific features of their equipment and their patients’ specific anatomical situations (e.g., tumor stenosis, diverticula). Most diagnostic EUS complications occur during EUS-FNB. Pain, acute pancreatitis, infection and bleeding are the primary adverse effects, occurring in 1% to 2% of patients. Only a few cases of needle tract seeding and peritoneal dissemination have been reported. The mortality associated with EUS and EUS-FNB is 0.02%. The risks associated with EUS-FNB are affected by endoscopist experience and target lesion. EUS-FNB of cystic lesions is associated with an increased risk of infection and hemorrhage. Peri-interventional antibiotics are recommended to prevent cyst infection. Adequate education and training, as well consideration of contraindications, are essential to minimize the risks of EUS and EUS-FNB. Restricting EUS-FNB only to patients in whom the cytopathological results may be expected to change the course of management is the best way of reducing the number of complications. |
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Keywords: | Endoscopic ultrasonography Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy Complications Contraindications Risk Safety Perforation Bleeding Infection Acute pancreatitis |
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