青春期女性血清瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体的双生子研究

目的探讨青春期女性血清瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体的变化趋势,估计遗传与环境因素的相对效应。方法以学校登记为基础募集6～18岁女性双生子180对,其中同卵双生子132对、异卵双生子48对,按Tanner标准进行青春发育分期,测定空腹血清瘦素和可溶性瘦素受体浓度。结果青春期女性血清瘦素浓度随青春期进展而显著增高,可溶性瘦素受体则呈显著下降趋势。二者的综合作用使得游离瘦素指数随青春期进展持续增高,7～9岁和12—14岁增高尤为显著,分别为10．1～32．3和41．8～82．1;瘦素和游离瘦素指数与各体格指标呈显著正相关(r值为0．54～0．76),而可溶性瘦素受体则与各指标呈显著负相关(r值为-0．23～-0.42);各指标组内相关系数均为同卵双生子大于异卵双生子,而偶内差和相似度系数则异卵双生子大于同卵双生子,瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体和游离瘦素指数的遗传度分别为0．37、0.84和0.46。结论7～9岁女孩游离瘦素指数的快速增长可能对青春期的启动起促进作用,而12—14岁的突增可能对即将到来的月经初潮起预示作用。青春期女孩血清游离瘦素指数同时受遗传与环境因素的影响,瘦素受环境因素的影响较大,可溶性瘦素受体则受遗传因素的影响较强。

Twin study on serum leptin and soluble leptin receptor in pubertal girls

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor (SOB-R) concentrations and free leptin index (FLI) throughout the puberty in females, and estimate the effects of genetic and environmental factors on these indices. METHODS: The population studied consists of 180 pairs of twins in 6 to 18 years old: 132 pairs of monozygotic twins and 48 pairs of dizygotic twins, who were all from Qingdao city, Shandong Province. Anthropometric and sexual characteristics were examined, fasting serum leptin and SOB-R contents were assayed by immunoradiometric assay and ELISA respectively. RESULTS: Serum leptin concentrations increased and SOB-R decreased throughout puberty (P < 0.05), brought out a sustained increase of FLI, especially in 7-9 and 12-14 years old (from 10.1 to 32.3 and 41.8 to 82.1 respectively); Leptin and FLI were positively, and SOB-R negatively correlated with morphological indices (correlation coefficients from 0.54 to 0.76, -0.23 to -0.42, respectively). Heritability of girl's serum leptin, SOB-R and FLI were 0.37, 0.84, 0.46 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum free leptin index surge at 7-9 and 12-14 years old might be a predictor or trigger of the puberty onset and menarche, respectively; FLI might be determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Leptin should be substantially influenced by environment and reflect the fat mass of body compositions. SOB-R should be predominantly controlled by genetic factors yet. Genetic influence might be important in pubertal development and metabolic disorders.