全腔静脉肺动脉连接术后早期吸入一氧化氮对肺血管阻力的影响

目的探讨吸入一氧化氮(NO)对全腔静脉肺动脉连接(TCPC)术后早期肺血管阻力的影响。方法24例术后早期通过呼吸机吸入NO的TCPC患者为实验组,吸入前后计算心排出量及肺血管阻力;28例未吸入NO的TCPC患者为对照组。比较两组呼吸机辅助时间、ICU滞留时间、胸腔引流管留置时间及住院时间。结果实验组吸入NO后同吸入前比较氧合指数从161±17升高至193±23(t=2.75,P<0.01);心脏指数从(2.86±0.24)L·min-1·m-2增加至(3.13±0.22)L·min-1·m-2(t=2.25,P<0.05);肺血管阻力从(4.2±0.5)U/m2下降至(3.8±1.4)U/m2(t=2.29,P<0.05);中心静脉压从(17.0±1.8)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)降至(15.0±1.1)mmHg,下降11.7%。与对照组相比,呼吸机辅助时间从(86±27)h缩短为(54±18)h(t=2.29,P<0.05);ICU居留时间从(6±2)d缩短至(4±2)d(t=2.32,P<0.05);胸腔引流管留置时间及住院时间差异无统计学意义。结论吸入NO对TCPC术后远期疗效虽无明显影响,但有助于避免术后早期肺血管阻力一过性升高所致的低心排出量综合征及腔静脉高压,NO是安全、有效的肺血管扩张剂。

The effects of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary vascular resistance in patients after total cavopulmonary connection

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on pulmonary vascular resistance in patients after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). METHODS: Fifty-two patients after TCPC were evaluated, of them 24 patients were administered with inhaled nitric oxide in the early postoperative period. The cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were compared before and after inhaled NO. RESULTS: In experimental group, after inhaled NO, partial pressure of oxygen in artery/fraction of inspired oxygen increased from 161 +/- 17 to 193 +/- 23 (t = 2.75, P < 0.01); CI from (2.86 +/- 0.24) L.min(-1).m(-2) to (3.13 +/- 0.22) L.min(-1).m(-2) (t = 2.25, P < 0.05); PVR decreased from (4.2 +/- 0.5) U/m(2) to (3.8 +/- 1.4) U/m(2) (t = 2.29, P < 0.05); central venous pressure (CVP) from (17.0 +/- 1.8) mm Hg to (15.0 +/- 1.1) mm Hg, decreased 11.7%. Compared with the control group, respirator time decreased from (86 +/- 27) h to (54 +/- 18) h (t = 2.29, P < 0.05); ICU time from (6 +/- 2) d to (4 +/- 2) d (t = 2.32, P < 0.05); But hydrothorax drainage and length of stay had no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Though inhaled NO, there is no significant long-term effects in patients after TCPC, but it may play an important role in the management of low cardiac output syndrome and high cava pressure caused by reactive elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in the early postoperative period of TCPC.