小牛与人颈椎解剖结构的比较

目的比较小牛与人颈椎节段的解剖结构，探讨小牛颈椎是否合适在脊柱体外研究中替代人的脊柱标本。方法对12具小牛颈椎标本和8具人体颈椎标本进行形态解剖学测量。测量C1-7的椎体宽度、椎体长度、椎体高度、椎管的宽度、椎管的深度、椎弓根宽度、椎弓根高度、椎弓根角度、椎体总宽度及椎体总深度。结果小牛颈椎从C3-7与人颈椎在解剖学上比较相似，但也有许多不同：①小牛颈椎比人大，人颈椎大约为小牛颈椎的75％；②小牛颈椎椎弓根比人粗，椎弓根角比人大；③小牛颈椎横突比人短；④小牛颈椎棘突短且多为水平位；⑤小牛颈椎齿突长宽明显比人大。结论本研究为小牛颈椎动物实验研究提供了解剖学参考数据；小牛颈椎解剖在某些方面与人具有相似性，还需进一步研究其与人颈椎间生物力学的差异。

Anatomy comparison of human and calf cervical spine

Objective To identify whether the calf cervical vertebra is a suitable substitute model of spinal study in vitro for comparing the cervical anatomy of calf to human. Methods Morphology and anatomic measurements were made in C1-7 cervical vertebrae of 12 bovines and 8 human cadavers as following： vertebral body width （upper and lower）, vertebral body height （posterior and anterior）, vertebral body depth （upper and lower）, spinal canal width, spinal canal depth, pedicle width, pedicle height, pedicle inclination, total vertebral width, total vertebral depth. Results Cervical vertebrae of bovine and human were similar in the level of C3-7. However, there were several differences： （1）The human vertebrae were about 75% of the bovine vertebrae; （2）Bovine pedicles were thicker, and the inclination of pedicles was larger than human; （3）Bovine transverse processes were shorter; （4） Bovine spinous processes were shorter and more in horizontal; （5）The width and depth of the bovine odontoid bone were much larger than human. Conclusion The study provides anatomical reference data for experimental spinal research. The bovine cervical spine may be a good alternative model for human cervical spine because of its anatomic similarity, but it needs further study to compare the biomechanical property between them.