2002～2005年我院临床主要病原菌及药敏变化分析

目的了解临床主要病原菌和药敏变化,研究其应对措施。方法回顾性调查分析2002年12月~2005年11月住我院患者各种标本中分离的病原菌和抗菌药敏感试验结果。结果4年间共分离病原菌4263株,其中前6位细菌3389株(占79.50%),分别是大肠埃希菌986株(占23.13%),金黄色葡萄球菌691株(占16.21%),铜绿假单胞菌676株(占15.86%),克雷伯菌476株(占11.17%),表皮葡萄球菌371株(占8.70%),其它假单胞菌189株(占4.43%)。常用抗生素中氨苄西林的抗菌活性最低,对表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的敏感率分别是3.5%和3.65%;头孢唑林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、奥格门丁对铜绿假单胞菌的敏感率最低,分别是4.44%、8.86%、6.71%。抗菌活性最高的是万古霉素和亚安培南。结论临床病原菌中革兰阴性细菌仍为优势菌,尤其是铜绿假单胞菌的检出率逐年增加,其它阴性细菌检出率逐年降低;革兰阳性菌的检出率逐年增加,主要是金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率逐年快速增加,而对常用抗菌药的敏感性呈下降趋势。

Variation of main pathogens and sensitivity to drugs from 2001 to 2005 in a hospital

Objective To observe the variation of main pathogens and resistance in a hospital. Methods 4263 strains of pathogens and their sensitive to antibiotics were analyzed from Dec. 2001 to Nov. 2005. Results In 4263 strains of pathogens, the top six pathogens were Escherichia coli (986 strains, 23.13%), Staphylococcus aureus (691 strains, 16.21%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (676 strains, 15.86%), Klebsierlla (476 strains, 11.17%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (371 strains, 8.7%). The antibacterial rate of ampicillin in the used antibiotics was the lowest, while those of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus were 3.5% and 3.65% respectively. The sensitivity rate of Staphylococcus epidermidis for cefazolin, ampicillin/sulbactam and augmentin was very lower, 4.44%, 8.86% and 6.71% respectively, and was the highest for vancomycin and imipenem. Conclusions This study shows that gram-negative bacilli are more than the positive ones, especially percent of Pseudomonas increases every year, but the percent of gram-negative bacilli decreases every year. Detection rate of gram-positive bacilli is increased, especially Staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity rate of all used antibacterial drugs has being descended.