支气管腔内超声技术的临床应用及进展

随着胸部CT筛查的普及,肺外周、纵隔病灶的检出率大大提高.为了提高传统支气管镜的诊断率,新的技术不断出现.支气管腔内超声(EBUS)是一种同时结合了支气管镜和超声的微创诊疗技术,可以提供气道壁和支气管树邻近结构的超声图像及实时引导活检,类型主要包括凸探头式支气管腔内超声(CP-EBUS)和径向微探头导管支气管腔内超声(RP-EBUS).CP-EBUS主要应用于大气道及肺中央型病变,在肺癌纵隔分期中发挥重要的作用,RP-EBUS综合导引技术主要用于诊断肺周围型病变,此外EBUS也可用于一些肺外毗邻脏器疾病的微创诊断和治疗.EBUS具有风险低、诊断良恶性病灶灵敏性高、重复性好等优势,已在全世界范围内广泛应用于临床并不断发展.本文就EBUS的发展史和临床应用及进展进行综述.

Clinical application and recent advances of endobronchial ultrasound

With the increased use of chest computed tomographic (CT) scans, pulmonary peripheral lesions and mediastinal masses have become ever more common findings. Novel technologies are emerging to improve the diagnostic capability of traditional bronchoscopy. The endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a minimally invasive technique that provides ultrasound images and guides biopsy in real time. Indeed, EBUS has become a very important diagnostic tool for lymph node staging of lung cancer. Besides, EBUS is safe and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of lesions in the lumen of the central airway, pulmonary peripheral lesions as well as the lesions outside the central or segmental airway wall. This review summarizes the historical aspects and current application of EBUS.