Urban woodland habitat is important for tick presence and density in a city in England |
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| Institution: | 1. Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Emergency Response Department Science & Technology, Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom;2. European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, United Kingdom;3. Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change & Health, Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom;4. Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom;5. Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom;1. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States;2. US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States;3. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States;4. Duke University, 315 Trent Drive, Room 185 Hanes Building, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States;5. Virginia Department of Health, Office of Epidemiology, 109 Governor Street, Richmond, VA 23219, United States;6. Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States;7. Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen North), 3051 West Shamrell Boulevard, Suite 106, Flagstaff, AZ 86005, United States;1. Department of Infection, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK;2. Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK;3. Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK;4. National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK;5. Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK;1. Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;2. Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Urban green spaces provide an opportunity for contact between members of the public and ticks infected with pathogens. Understanding tick distribution within these areas and the drivers for increased tick density or Borrelia infection are important from a risk management perspective. This study aimed to generate data on tick presence, nymph density and Borrelia infection across a range of urban green space habitats, in order to identify those that may potentially present a higher risk of Lyme borreliosis to members of the public. Several sites were visited across the English city of Bath during 2015 and 2016. Tick presence was confirmed in all habitats surveyed, with increased likelihood in woodland and woodland edge. Highest nymph densities were also reported in these habitats, along with grassland during one of the sampling years. Adult ticks were more likely to be infected compared to nymphs, and the highest densities of infected nymphs were associated with woodland edge habitat. In addition to Lyme borreliosis causing Borrelia genospecies, Borrelia miyamotoi was also detected at several sites. This study adds to the growing evidence that urban green space habitats present a public health risk from tick bites, and this has implications for many policy areas including health and wellbeing, climate adaptation and urban green space planning. |
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