Surgical anatomy and biomechanics of the foot

The surgical anatomy of the foot is complex. Understanding the approaches used to address pathology of the foot and ankle requires in-depth appreciation of the anatomy of the region. Each structure has a function and enables the foot to perform its requirements. Biomechanics in the foot can be understood by grasping key principles. Anatomy and biomechanics of the foot is a potential questioning point for candidates sitting final professional examinations in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this article is to provide an appreciation of the surgical anatomy of the foot and the biomechanics at play in the area. Gait and the gait cycle will also be reviewed.