腺样体肥大所致鼻气道阻塞对儿童颅面发育的影响

目的探讨腺样体肥大所致鼻呼吸阻塞对儿童颅面发育的影响。方法对30例腺样体肥大儿童（腺样体肥大组）和27例正常儿童（正常儿童组）分别进行声反射鼻测量和X线头颅测量。结果腺样体肥大组鼻咽腔容积为（15.49±6.59）cm3,较正常儿童组（20.78±4.91）cm减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;腺样体肥大组鼻气道阻力为（5.58±3.28）cmH2O/Lmin,较正常儿童组（2.28±1.30）cmH2O/Lmin增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。X线头颅测量显示腺样体肥大组儿童面部形态呈明显的垂直向生长,下颌后缩,下颌角变大,其中前下面高为（68.32±6.66）mm,较正常儿童组（62.09±6.30）mm增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;面高比例为0.7±0.08,较正常儿童组0.77±0.11减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论腺样体肥大可致鼻阻力增大和鼻咽腔容积减小;鼻气道阻塞可明显影响儿童颅面发育。

Effects of enlarged adenoid induced nasal obstruction on craniofacial development in children

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impacts of enlarged adenoid induced nasal obstruction on craniofacial development in children. METHODS Twenty-seven healthy children and thirty children with adenoid vegetation were studied with acoustic rhinometry（AR）and cephalometry. RESULTS The NPV of the patients（15.49±6.59）cm3 was significantly smaller than that of the healthy children（20.78±4.91）cm3（P0.01）, while the NAR（5.58±3.28）cm H2O/L/min was significantly higher（2.28±1.30）cm H2O/L/min（P0.01）. The ANS-Me of the patients（68.32±6.66）mm was significantly greater than that of the healthy children（62.09±6.30）mm（P0.01）, while the FH ratio（0.7±0.08）was significantly smaller（0.77±0.11）（P0.01）. Compared with the control, the children with adenoid hypertrophy showed apparently vertical growth pattern, and larger gonion and retrusion chin. CONCLUSION The results suggest that hypertrophy of the adenoids lead to increased NAR, decreased NPV. The nasal airway obstruction produced a great impact on pediatric craniofacial growth.