糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿的临床分析

目的 探讨糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿（diabetic macular edema ,DME）分型与糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)分期、糖尿病病程以及视力损害之间的关系。 方法 回顾分析1 521例荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA )检查确诊的DR患者的FFA检查结果、病程、视力等临床资料。根据我国现行的DR诊断、分期标准对DR进行分期，按美国糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究小组制定的标准对DME进行分型，分析统计各期DR中DME的发生率以及DME与病程、视力的关系。 结果 1521例患者中，468例791只眼存在DME，占30.77%。DME主要发生在糖尿病病程10年的患者，在此期间，DME 的发生率以及严重程度有逐年上升和加重的趋势。DME中黄斑局限性水肿361只眼，占DME患 者的45.64%；黄斑弥漫性水肿430只眼，占DME患者的54.36%。DME在DR I期中占1.13%；III 期中占7.84%；III期中占41.98%；IV期中占48.93%。V、VI期中，由于视网膜增生、玻璃体积血或者其他并发症的出现使DME的发现率较低。黄斑局限性水肿在DRIII期中居多，占22.51 % ，黄斑弥漫性水肿在DRIV期居多，占31.48%。但有部分患眼在DRI期出现了黄斑弥漫性水肿，而部分患眼在DR IV～V 期仍仅有局限性黄斑水肿。黄斑弥漫性水肿较局限性水肿对视力的损害更重。 结论 DME是DR引起视力损害的重要原因之一，随着糖尿病病程的延长，DME 的发生率增加，程度加重。DME的发生和分型与DR的程度有一定关系，但在时序上与我国现行的DR分期标准之间没有严格对应一致的关系。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：83-86）

Clinical analysis of the results of macular edema in diabetic retinopathy

Objective To explore the relationship between the classification of diabetic macular edema（DME）and the stages of the diabetic retinopathy (DR) , the diabetic duration and the visual loss.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and other related information of 1521 patients who were diagnosed as DR. Classified DR according to national standard of the diagnosis and classification of DR, and classified DME according to the standard made by the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study research group of United States. The occurrence of DME in DR in each stage and the relationships between DME and the disease course and the vision were analyzed.Results In 1521 patients, 791 eyes in 468 patients had DME ( 30.77%), including 361 eyes (45.64%) with focal DME and 430 eyes (54.36%) with diffuse DME. The occurrence of DME was 1.13% in I-stage DR, 7.84%in II-stage DR, 41.98% in III-stage DR, and 48.93% in IV-stage DR. Focal and diffuse DME usually occurred at the III and IV stage of DR respectively, with 178 eyes (22.51%) with focal macular edema at the III stage of DR, and 249 eyes (31.48%) with diffuse DME at the IV-stage of DR. Patients with DME were hardly found at the V and VI stage of DR because of retinal proliferation and vitreous hemorrhage or other complications which made the condition of macula region blurred. The visual acuity of diffuse DME was worse than focal DME. DME often occurred within 10 years in the diabetic duration, and its severity and incidence increased year by year.Conclusions DME is the main cause of visual impairment of DR. The incidence of DME increased as the course of the DR prolonged. Along with the development of retinopathy, the incidence of DME increased, and the severity of DME aggravated, but the development of DME and its classification can not be brought into definite correspondence or unification with the classification of DR, hence the typing of DME in another individual classification in DR is of course necessary. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：83-86)