Differences in Dietary Quality by Sexual Orientation and Sex in the United States: NHANES 2011-2016 |
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| Institution: | 1. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;2. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA;3. Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA;4. Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY;5. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;1. Genetic Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;2. Clinical Center Nutrition Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;3. US Public Health Service, Washington, District of Columbia;1. Miami University, Oxford, OH;2. Kettering Health Network, Dayton OH;3. Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX;4. Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI;5. University of Georgia, Athens, GA;1. Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, the University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia;2. Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, the University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia;3. Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia;4. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, the University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia;5. Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;1. Massey University, Albany, New Zealand;2. Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThere are persistent disparities in weight- and diet-related diseases by sexual orientation. Lesbian and bisexual females have a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease compared with heterosexual females. Gay and bisexual males have a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with heterosexual males. However, it remains unknown how sexual orientation groups differ in their dietary quality.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether dietary quality differs by sexual orientation and sex among US adults.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study of 24-hour dietary recall data from a nationally representative sample of adults aged 20 through 65 years participating in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Participants/settingStudy participants were adults (n = 8,851) with complete information on dietary intake, sexual orientation, and sex.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were daily energy intake from 20 specific food and beverage groups and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores for sexual orientation groups (heterosexual vs gay/lesbian/bisexual).Statistical analyses performedOrdinary least squares regressions were used to calculate adjusted means for each food and beverage group and HEI-2015, stratified by sex and controlling for covariates (eg, age and race/ethnicity) and survey cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016).ResultsAmong males, red and processed meat/poultry/seafood (P = .01) and sandwiches (P = .02) were smaller contributors to energy intake for gay/bisexual males compared with heterosexual males. Among females, cereals (P =.04) and mixed dishes (P = .02) were smaller contributors to energy intake for lesbian/bisexual females compared with heterosexual females. Gay/bisexual males had significantly higher total HEI-2015 scores than heterosexual males (mean ± standard deviation 53.40 ± 1.36 vs 49.29 ± 0.32, difference = 4.14; P = .004). Lesbian/bisexual females did not differ in total or component HEI-2015 scores from heterosexual females.ConclusionsAlthough gay/lesbian/bisexual groups were similar for a variety of dietary outcomes compared with heterosexual groups, gay and bisexual men displayed healthier dietary quality for processed meat (by consuming smaller amounts) and overall dietary quality (according to HEI-2015) compared with heterosexual males. |
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| Keywords: | Healthy Eating Index Health disparities LGBTQ Chronic disease Obesity |
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