IgA肾病患者IgA1糖基化异常及其致病机制

IgA肾病(IgAN)是导致终末期肾病最常见的原发性肾小球疾病。其病理特点为IgA1在肾小球系膜区沉积，IgA1分子的异常糖基化是导致IgAN发病的关键因素。多种与IgAN相关的基因位点已经被发现。这些基因编码的细胞因子参与了IgA1糖基化异常的发病机制。此外糖基化酶缺乏、分子伴侣甲基化异常都可能导致IgA1异常糖基化。异常糖基化的IgA1可通过自我聚集或形成免疫复合物沉积于系膜区，进而刺激系膜细胞增殖、分泌系膜基质、细胞因子、趋化因子、生长因子等，导致肾小球损伤。对IgA1异常糖基化的深入研究有助于了解IgA肾病的发病机制并提供新的诊断与治疗措施。

The pathopoiesis mechanism of abnormal IgA1 glycosylation in IgA nephropathy patients

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease that can result in end-stage renal disease, and is histologically characterized by the deposition of IgA1 in the glomerular mesangium. The abnormal IgA1 glycosylation is the key factor in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Multiple genetic loci associated with IgAN have been identified, and the cytokines coded by them are involved in the pathopoiesis mechanism of abnormal IgA1 glycosylation. In addition, the lack of glycosylase and abnormal methylation of molecular chaperone may also be involved in the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1. Abnormally glycosylated IgA1 can deposit in the mesangium through their own assembly together or formation of immunocomplex, which can subsequently stimulate mesangial cell proliferation and secretion of extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, etc, leading to glomerular injury. In-depth research on IgA1 abnormal glycosylation will help to understand the pathogenesis of IgAN and provide new diagnosis and treatment methods.