Exploring Mothers’ Perspectives About Why Grandparents in Appalachia Give Their Grandchildren Cariogenic Foods and Beverages: A Qualitative Study |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;2. Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;3. Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;4. Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;5. Department of Psychology, Eberly College of Arts & Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;6. Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;7. Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, Department of Dental Public Health and Professional Practice, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;8. Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;9. Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;10. Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;11. Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;12. Departments of Dental Public Health and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;1. College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia;2. Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford, Australia;1. Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science, School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, Seattle, Washington;2. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware;3. Research and Academic Consultant, Crozet, Virginia;4. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky;5. College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama;6. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois;1. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;3. New York State Health Foundation, New York, New York;4. Harvard Prevention Research Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA;2. Clinical Nutrition and Lactation, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA;3. Children''s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA;4. UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Mattel Children''s Hospital at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA;5. My Keto Weigh, Torrance CA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundDental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Past studies revealed that grandparents provide their grandchildren with cariogenic foods and beverages (eg, those with free sugars and/or modified starches). Qualitative research can help identify what drives this phenomenon.ObjectiveOur aim was to examine mothers’ explanations for why grandparents in north central and central Appalachia give their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages.DesignA qualitative study on children’s oral health in Pennsylvania and West Virginia from 2018 through 2020 was performed. In-person, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative data from interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then coded using NVivo. Data analysis for this study was performed using thematic analysis with iterative theme development.Participants/settingThe participants were 126 mothers of children aged 3-5 years from West Virginia (n = 66) and Pittsburgh, PA (n = 60).Main outcome measuresMothers’ perspectives about why grandparents give their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages were analyzed.ResultsIn the study sample, 85% of mothers (n = 107/126) named at least 1 of their children’s grandparents as a member of their social network responsible for their children’s oral health. From these interviews, 85% of mothers (n = 91/107) discussed that grandparents gave their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages. The mothers described the following 4 themes to explain why grandparents gave their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages: privilege of the grandparent role; responsibilities of the grandparent role; symbol of care and affection; and limited consideration or understanding of the detrimental impact.ConclusionsGrandparents play a role in giving their grandchildren cariogenic foods and beverages, which could potentially contribute to childhood caries. Research is needed to develop effective social interventions to help some grandparents understand the implications of a cariogenic diet on their grandchildren’s oral health and/or decrease their provision of cariogenic foods and beverages. |
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| Keywords: | Grandparents Child Diet Cariogenic Social determinants of health Qualitative research |
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