Association of Food Insecurity and Food Addiction Symptoms: A Secondary Analysis of Two Samples of Low-Income Female Adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;2. Department of Psychiatry, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA;3. Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA;4. Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA;5. Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA;7. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI;1. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;3. New York State Health Foundation, New York, New York;4. Harvard Prevention Research Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts;2. Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California;3. US Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland;1. University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 2268 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States;2. University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medical Ethics & Health Policy, Blockly Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;1. Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA;2. Department of International Health, Ann Arbor, USA;3. Department of Health Policy and Management, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundHousehold food insecurity persists in the United States and has important implications for health and well-being. Food insecurity in female-identified caregivers is particularly concerning, given its association with their mental health and adverse health outcomes for their children. Food insecurity is associated with disordered eating but, to our knowledge, no prior studies have examined an association between food insecurity and food addiction.ObjectiveOur aim was to examine whether food insecurity is associated with higher food addiction symptom endorsement in low-income female adults.DesignSecondary analysis of baseline data from a quasi-experimental study of a mindfulness-based intervention on gestational weight gain among low-income pregnant individuals and an observational study of low-income families.Participants/settingParticipants in study 1 (n = 208) were English-speaking, low-income pregnant individuals with overweight or obesity, recruited in California from 2011 to 2013. Participants in study 2 (n = 181) were English-speaking, low-income female caregivers for children aged 8 through 10 years, recruited in Michigan from 2018 to 2019. Both studies recruited participants from community health clinics, social service agencies, and online advertisements.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was food addiction symptoms, assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale.Statistical analysisMultivariate Poisson regression was used to examine the association between household food insecurity and food addiction symptoms in each sample, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsIn study 1, pregnant individuals in food-insecure households reported 21% higher food addiction symptoms than pregnant individuals in food-secure households (incidence rate ratio 1.21; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.47; P = .047). In study 2, caregivers in food-insecure households had 56% higher food addiction symptoms than caregivers in food-secure households (incidence rate ratio 1.56; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.40; P = .045).ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary support for a relationship between household food insecurity and food addiction. Future research should examine potential mechanisms and whether interventions to reduce food insecurity lower risk of food addiction. |
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| Keywords: | Food insecurity Food addiction Low-income Maternal health |
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