前臂后皮神经营养血管岛状筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的　探讨前臂后皮神经营养血管皮瓣的应用解剖,为该皮瓣的设计提供解剖学基础。方法 　使用24侧上肢标本和5具新鲜整尸标本,通过大体解剖、铸型和动脉造影等方法,研究前臂后皮神经及其 营养血管的起始、走行、分支、分布及彼此间的吻合规律。结果　前臂后皮神经起自桡神经,至前臂部主要分 为两支,分布于前臂后部桡侧2/3,其营养血管平均为7.2支,其中第一支最粗,并伴行最远,并和其他营养动 脉之间存在着丰富的吻合。结论　前臂后皮神经营养血管为蒂的岛状筋膜皮瓣,可用于修复前臂及手部软组 织缺损。

Applied Anatomy of the Island Fasciocutaneous Flap Pedicled with Nutrient Vessels of the Posterior Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

Objective To explore the applied anatomy of the island fasciocutaneous flap pedicled with the nutrient vessels of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve to provide the anatomical basis for the flap design. Methods Origins, courses, branches, distribution and the anastomosis of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve and its nutrient vessels were studied on 24 upper extremities and 5 fresh cadavers using gross anatomical method.Results The posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve originated from the radial nerve with 2 branches distributed in radial posterior view of the forearm. 7.2 nutrient vessels in average were seen to accompany with and supply the nerve,among which the first one was the biggest and accompanied the nerve farthest and anastomosed abundantly with other nutrient vessels. Conclusion The island faciocutaneous flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve can be used to repair the defect of the brachium, forearm and hand.